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Type II secretion in Yersinia—a secretion system for pathogenicity and environmental fitness

In Yersinia species, type III secretion (T3S) is the most prominent and best studied secretion system and a hallmark for the infection process of pathogenic Yersinia species. Type II secretion (T2S), on the other hand, is less well-characterized, although all Yersinia species, pathogenic as well as...

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Autores principales: von Tils, Dominik, Blädel, Inga, Schmidt, M. Alexander, Heusipp, Gerhard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3521999/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23248779
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00160
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author von Tils, Dominik
Blädel, Inga
Schmidt, M. Alexander
Heusipp, Gerhard
author_facet von Tils, Dominik
Blädel, Inga
Schmidt, M. Alexander
Heusipp, Gerhard
author_sort von Tils, Dominik
collection PubMed
description In Yersinia species, type III secretion (T3S) is the most prominent and best studied secretion system and a hallmark for the infection process of pathogenic Yersinia species. Type II secretion (T2S), on the other hand, is less well-characterized, although all Yersinia species, pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic, possess one or even two T2S systems. The only Yersinia strain in which T2S has so far been studied is the human pathogenic strain Y. enterocolitica 1b. Mouse infection experiments showed that at least one of the two T2S systems of Y. enterocolitica 1b, termed Yts1, is involved in dissemination and colonization of deeper tissues like liver and spleen. Interestingly, in vitro studies revealed a complex regulation of the Yts1 system, which is mainly active at low temperatures and high Mg(2+)-levels. Furthermore, the functional characterization of the proteins secreted in vitro indicates a role of the Yts1 machinery in survival of the bacteria in an environmental habitat. In silico analyses identified Yts1 homologous systems in bacteria that are known as plant symbionts or plant pathogens. Thus, the recent studies point to a dual function of the Yts1 T2S systems, playing a role in virulence of humans and animals, as well as in the survival of the bacteria outside of the mammalian host. In contrast, the role of the second T2S system, Yts2, remains ill defined. Whereas the T3S system and its virulence-mediating role has been intensively studied, it might now be time to also focus on the T2S system and its role in the Yersinia lifestyle, especially considering that most of the Yersinia isolates are not found in infected humans but have been gathered from various environmental samples.
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spelling pubmed-35219992012-12-17 Type II secretion in Yersinia—a secretion system for pathogenicity and environmental fitness von Tils, Dominik Blädel, Inga Schmidt, M. Alexander Heusipp, Gerhard Front Cell Infect Microbiol Microbiology In Yersinia species, type III secretion (T3S) is the most prominent and best studied secretion system and a hallmark for the infection process of pathogenic Yersinia species. Type II secretion (T2S), on the other hand, is less well-characterized, although all Yersinia species, pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic, possess one or even two T2S systems. The only Yersinia strain in which T2S has so far been studied is the human pathogenic strain Y. enterocolitica 1b. Mouse infection experiments showed that at least one of the two T2S systems of Y. enterocolitica 1b, termed Yts1, is involved in dissemination and colonization of deeper tissues like liver and spleen. Interestingly, in vitro studies revealed a complex regulation of the Yts1 system, which is mainly active at low temperatures and high Mg(2+)-levels. Furthermore, the functional characterization of the proteins secreted in vitro indicates a role of the Yts1 machinery in survival of the bacteria in an environmental habitat. In silico analyses identified Yts1 homologous systems in bacteria that are known as plant symbionts or plant pathogens. Thus, the recent studies point to a dual function of the Yts1 T2S systems, playing a role in virulence of humans and animals, as well as in the survival of the bacteria outside of the mammalian host. In contrast, the role of the second T2S system, Yts2, remains ill defined. Whereas the T3S system and its virulence-mediating role has been intensively studied, it might now be time to also focus on the T2S system and its role in the Yersinia lifestyle, especially considering that most of the Yersinia isolates are not found in infected humans but have been gathered from various environmental samples. Frontiers Media S.A. 2012-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3521999/ /pubmed/23248779 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00160 Text en Copyright © 2012 von Tils, Blädel, Schmidt and Heusipp. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
spellingShingle Microbiology
von Tils, Dominik
Blädel, Inga
Schmidt, M. Alexander
Heusipp, Gerhard
Type II secretion in Yersinia—a secretion system for pathogenicity and environmental fitness
title Type II secretion in Yersinia—a secretion system for pathogenicity and environmental fitness
title_full Type II secretion in Yersinia—a secretion system for pathogenicity and environmental fitness
title_fullStr Type II secretion in Yersinia—a secretion system for pathogenicity and environmental fitness
title_full_unstemmed Type II secretion in Yersinia—a secretion system for pathogenicity and environmental fitness
title_short Type II secretion in Yersinia—a secretion system for pathogenicity and environmental fitness
title_sort type ii secretion in yersinia—a secretion system for pathogenicity and environmental fitness
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3521999/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23248779
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00160
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