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The methylomes of six bacteria
Six bacterial genomes, Geobacter metallireducens GS-15, Chromohalobacter salexigens, Vibrio breoganii 1C-10, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987, Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 81-176 and C. jejuni NCTC 11168, all of which had previously been sequenced using other platforms were re-sequenced using single...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3526280/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks891 |
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author | Murray, Iain A. Clark, Tyson A. Morgan, Richard D. Boitano, Matthew Anton, Brian P. Luong, Khai Fomenkov, Alexey Turner, Stephen W. Korlach, Jonas Roberts, Richard J. |
author_facet | Murray, Iain A. Clark, Tyson A. Morgan, Richard D. Boitano, Matthew Anton, Brian P. Luong, Khai Fomenkov, Alexey Turner, Stephen W. Korlach, Jonas Roberts, Richard J. |
author_sort | Murray, Iain A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Six bacterial genomes, Geobacter metallireducens GS-15, Chromohalobacter salexigens, Vibrio breoganii 1C-10, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987, Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 81-176 and C. jejuni NCTC 11168, all of which had previously been sequenced using other platforms were re-sequenced using single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing specifically to analyze their methylomes. In every case a number of new N(6)-methyladenine ((m6)A) and N(4)-methylcytosine ((m4)C) methylation patterns were discovered and the DNA methyltransferases (MTases) responsible for those methylation patterns were assigned. In 15 cases, it was possible to match MTase genes with MTase recognition sequences without further sub-cloning. Two Type I restriction systems required sub-cloning to differentiate their recognition sequences, while four MTase genes that were not expressed in the native organism were sub-cloned to test for viability and recognition sequences. Two of these proved active. No attempt was made to detect 5-methylcytosine ((m5)C) recognition motifs from the SMRT® sequencing data because this modification produces weaker signals using current methods. However, all predicted (m6)A and (m4)C MTases were detected unambiguously. This study shows that the addition of SMRT sequencing to traditional sequencing approaches gives a wealth of useful functional information about a genome showing not only which MTase genes are active but also revealing their recognition sequences. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3526280 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35262802013-01-04 The methylomes of six bacteria Murray, Iain A. Clark, Tyson A. Morgan, Richard D. Boitano, Matthew Anton, Brian P. Luong, Khai Fomenkov, Alexey Turner, Stephen W. Korlach, Jonas Roberts, Richard J. Nucleic Acids Res Genomics Six bacterial genomes, Geobacter metallireducens GS-15, Chromohalobacter salexigens, Vibrio breoganii 1C-10, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987, Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 81-176 and C. jejuni NCTC 11168, all of which had previously been sequenced using other platforms were re-sequenced using single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing specifically to analyze their methylomes. In every case a number of new N(6)-methyladenine ((m6)A) and N(4)-methylcytosine ((m4)C) methylation patterns were discovered and the DNA methyltransferases (MTases) responsible for those methylation patterns were assigned. In 15 cases, it was possible to match MTase genes with MTase recognition sequences without further sub-cloning. Two Type I restriction systems required sub-cloning to differentiate their recognition sequences, while four MTase genes that were not expressed in the native organism were sub-cloned to test for viability and recognition sequences. Two of these proved active. No attempt was made to detect 5-methylcytosine ((m5)C) recognition motifs from the SMRT® sequencing data because this modification produces weaker signals using current methods. However, all predicted (m6)A and (m4)C MTases were detected unambiguously. This study shows that the addition of SMRT sequencing to traditional sequencing approaches gives a wealth of useful functional information about a genome showing not only which MTase genes are active but also revealing their recognition sequences. Oxford University Press 2012-12 2012-10-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3526280/ /pubmed/23034806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks891 Text en © The Author(s) 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Genomics Murray, Iain A. Clark, Tyson A. Morgan, Richard D. Boitano, Matthew Anton, Brian P. Luong, Khai Fomenkov, Alexey Turner, Stephen W. Korlach, Jonas Roberts, Richard J. The methylomes of six bacteria |
title | The methylomes of six bacteria |
title_full | The methylomes of six bacteria |
title_fullStr | The methylomes of six bacteria |
title_full_unstemmed | The methylomes of six bacteria |
title_short | The methylomes of six bacteria |
title_sort | methylomes of six bacteria |
topic | Genomics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3526280/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks891 |
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