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Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C During Pregnancy and Childhood

The worldwide prevalence of HCV infection is between 1% and 8% in pregnant women and between 0.05% and 5% in children. Yet the pathogenesis of hepatitis C during pregnancy and in the neonatal period remains poorly understood. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), a leading cause of pediatric HCV infe...

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Autores principales: Le Campion, Armelle, Larouche, Ariane, Fauteux-Daniel, Sébastien, Soudeyns, Hugo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528278/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223189
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v4123531
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author Le Campion, Armelle
Larouche, Ariane
Fauteux-Daniel, Sébastien
Soudeyns, Hugo
author_facet Le Campion, Armelle
Larouche, Ariane
Fauteux-Daniel, Sébastien
Soudeyns, Hugo
author_sort Le Campion, Armelle
collection PubMed
description The worldwide prevalence of HCV infection is between 1% and 8% in pregnant women and between 0.05% and 5% in children. Yet the pathogenesis of hepatitis C during pregnancy and in the neonatal period remains poorly understood. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), a leading cause of pediatric HCV infection, takes place at a rate of <10%. Factors that increase the risk of MTCT include high maternal HCV viral load and coinfection with HIV-1 but, intriguingly, not breastfeeding and mode of delivery. Pharmacological prevention of MTCT is not possible at the present time because both pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin are contraindicated for use in pregnancy and during the neonatal period. However, this may change with the recent introduction of direct acting antiviral agents. This review summarizes what is currently known about HCV infection during pregnancy and childhood. Particular emphasis is placed on how pregnancy-associated immune modulation may influence the progression of HCV disease and impact MTCT, and on the differential evolution of perinatally acquired HCV infection in children. Taken together, these developments provide insights into the pathogenesis of hepatitis C and may inform strategies to prevent the transmission of HCV from mother to child.
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spelling pubmed-35282782013-01-02 Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C During Pregnancy and Childhood Le Campion, Armelle Larouche, Ariane Fauteux-Daniel, Sébastien Soudeyns, Hugo Viruses Review The worldwide prevalence of HCV infection is between 1% and 8% in pregnant women and between 0.05% and 5% in children. Yet the pathogenesis of hepatitis C during pregnancy and in the neonatal period remains poorly understood. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), a leading cause of pediatric HCV infection, takes place at a rate of <10%. Factors that increase the risk of MTCT include high maternal HCV viral load and coinfection with HIV-1 but, intriguingly, not breastfeeding and mode of delivery. Pharmacological prevention of MTCT is not possible at the present time because both pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin are contraindicated for use in pregnancy and during the neonatal period. However, this may change with the recent introduction of direct acting antiviral agents. This review summarizes what is currently known about HCV infection during pregnancy and childhood. Particular emphasis is placed on how pregnancy-associated immune modulation may influence the progression of HCV disease and impact MTCT, and on the differential evolution of perinatally acquired HCV infection in children. Taken together, these developments provide insights into the pathogenesis of hepatitis C and may inform strategies to prevent the transmission of HCV from mother to child. MDPI 2012-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3528278/ /pubmed/23223189 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v4123531 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Le Campion, Armelle
Larouche, Ariane
Fauteux-Daniel, Sébastien
Soudeyns, Hugo
Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C During Pregnancy and Childhood
title Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C During Pregnancy and Childhood
title_full Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C During Pregnancy and Childhood
title_fullStr Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C During Pregnancy and Childhood
title_full_unstemmed Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C During Pregnancy and Childhood
title_short Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C During Pregnancy and Childhood
title_sort pathogenesis of hepatitis c during pregnancy and childhood
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528278/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223189
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v4123531
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