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Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Vagal Activity during Stress in Infants: Respiratory Influences and Their Control

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to cardiac vagal outflow and the respiratory pattern. Prior infant studies have not systematically examined respiration rate and tidal volume influences on infant RSA or the extent to which infants' breathing is too fast to extract a valid RSA. We t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ritz, Thomas, Bosquet Enlow, Michelle, Schulz, Stefan M., Kitts, Robert, Staudenmayer, John, Wright, Rosalind J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300753
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052729
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author Ritz, Thomas
Bosquet Enlow, Michelle
Schulz, Stefan M.
Kitts, Robert
Staudenmayer, John
Wright, Rosalind J.
author_facet Ritz, Thomas
Bosquet Enlow, Michelle
Schulz, Stefan M.
Kitts, Robert
Staudenmayer, John
Wright, Rosalind J.
author_sort Ritz, Thomas
collection PubMed
description Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to cardiac vagal outflow and the respiratory pattern. Prior infant studies have not systematically examined respiration rate and tidal volume influences on infant RSA or the extent to which infants' breathing is too fast to extract a valid RSA. We therefore monitored cardiac activity, respiration, and physical activity in 23 six-month old infants during a standardized laboratory stressor protocol. On average, 12.6% (range 0–58.2%) of analyzed breaths were too short for RSA extraction. Higher respiration rate was associated with lower RSA amplitude in most infants, and lower tidal volume was associated with lower RSA amplitude in some infants. RSA amplitude corrected for respiration rate and tidal volume influences showed theoretically expected strong reductions during stress, whereas performance of uncorrected RSA was less consistent. We conclude that stress-induced changes of peak-valley RSA and effects of variations in breathing patterns on RSA can be determined for a representative percentage of infant breaths. As expected, breathing substantially affects infant RSA and needs to be considered in studies of infant psychophysiology.
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spelling pubmed-35304772013-01-08 Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Vagal Activity during Stress in Infants: Respiratory Influences and Their Control Ritz, Thomas Bosquet Enlow, Michelle Schulz, Stefan M. Kitts, Robert Staudenmayer, John Wright, Rosalind J. PLoS One Research Article Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to cardiac vagal outflow and the respiratory pattern. Prior infant studies have not systematically examined respiration rate and tidal volume influences on infant RSA or the extent to which infants' breathing is too fast to extract a valid RSA. We therefore monitored cardiac activity, respiration, and physical activity in 23 six-month old infants during a standardized laboratory stressor protocol. On average, 12.6% (range 0–58.2%) of analyzed breaths were too short for RSA extraction. Higher respiration rate was associated with lower RSA amplitude in most infants, and lower tidal volume was associated with lower RSA amplitude in some infants. RSA amplitude corrected for respiration rate and tidal volume influences showed theoretically expected strong reductions during stress, whereas performance of uncorrected RSA was less consistent. We conclude that stress-induced changes of peak-valley RSA and effects of variations in breathing patterns on RSA can be determined for a representative percentage of infant breaths. As expected, breathing substantially affects infant RSA and needs to be considered in studies of infant psychophysiology. Public Library of Science 2012-12-26 /pmc/articles/PMC3530477/ /pubmed/23300753 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052729 Text en © 2012 Ritz et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ritz, Thomas
Bosquet Enlow, Michelle
Schulz, Stefan M.
Kitts, Robert
Staudenmayer, John
Wright, Rosalind J.
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Vagal Activity during Stress in Infants: Respiratory Influences and Their Control
title Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Vagal Activity during Stress in Infants: Respiratory Influences and Their Control
title_full Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Vagal Activity during Stress in Infants: Respiratory Influences and Their Control
title_fullStr Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Vagal Activity during Stress in Infants: Respiratory Influences and Their Control
title_full_unstemmed Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Vagal Activity during Stress in Infants: Respiratory Influences and Their Control
title_short Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Vagal Activity during Stress in Infants: Respiratory Influences and Their Control
title_sort respiratory sinus arrhythmia as an index of vagal activity during stress in infants: respiratory influences and their control
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530477/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300753
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052729
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