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Cholera risk factors, Papua New Guinea, 2010

BACKGROUND: Cholera is newly emergent in Papua New Guinea but may soon become endemic. Identifying the risk factors for cholera provides evidence for targeted prevention and control measures. METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based case–control study to identify cholera risk factors. Using stool cult...

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Autores principales: Rosewell, Alexander, Addy, Benita, Komnapi, Lucas, Makanda, Freda, Ropa, Berry, Posanai, Enoch, Dutta, Samir, Mola, Glen, Man, WY Nicola, Zwi, Anthony, MacIntyre, C Raina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126504
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-12-287
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author Rosewell, Alexander
Addy, Benita
Komnapi, Lucas
Makanda, Freda
Ropa, Berry
Posanai, Enoch
Dutta, Samir
Mola, Glen
Man, WY Nicola
Zwi, Anthony
MacIntyre, C Raina
author_facet Rosewell, Alexander
Addy, Benita
Komnapi, Lucas
Makanda, Freda
Ropa, Berry
Posanai, Enoch
Dutta, Samir
Mola, Glen
Man, WY Nicola
Zwi, Anthony
MacIntyre, C Raina
author_sort Rosewell, Alexander
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cholera is newly emergent in Papua New Guinea but may soon become endemic. Identifying the risk factors for cholera provides evidence for targeted prevention and control measures. METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based case–control study to identify cholera risk factors. Using stool culture as the standard, we evaluated a cholera point of care test in the field. RESULTS: 176 participants were recruited: 54 cases and 122 controls. Independent risk factors for cholera were: being over 20 years of age (aOR 2.5; 95%CI 1.1, 5.4), defecating in the open air (or river) (aOR 4.5; 95% CI 1.4, 14.4) and knowing someone who travelled to a cholera affected area (aOR 4.1; 95%CI 1.6, 10.7); while the availability of soap for handwashing at home was protective (aOR 0.41; 95%CI 0.19, 0.87). Those reporting access to a piped water distribution system in the home were twice as likely to report the availability of soap for handwashing. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were 72% (95% CI 47–90) and 71% (95%CI 44–90%). CONCLUSIONS: Improving population access to the piped water distribution system and sanitation will likely reduce transmission by enabling enhanced hygiene and limiting the contamination of water sources. The One step V. cholerae O1/O139 Antigen Test is of limited utility for clinical decision making in a hospital setting with access to traditional laboratory methods. Settlement dwellers and mobile populations of all age groups should be targeted for interventions in Papua New Guinea.
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spelling pubmed-35312492013-01-10 Cholera risk factors, Papua New Guinea, 2010 Rosewell, Alexander Addy, Benita Komnapi, Lucas Makanda, Freda Ropa, Berry Posanai, Enoch Dutta, Samir Mola, Glen Man, WY Nicola Zwi, Anthony MacIntyre, C Raina BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Cholera is newly emergent in Papua New Guinea but may soon become endemic. Identifying the risk factors for cholera provides evidence for targeted prevention and control measures. METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based case–control study to identify cholera risk factors. Using stool culture as the standard, we evaluated a cholera point of care test in the field. RESULTS: 176 participants were recruited: 54 cases and 122 controls. Independent risk factors for cholera were: being over 20 years of age (aOR 2.5; 95%CI 1.1, 5.4), defecating in the open air (or river) (aOR 4.5; 95% CI 1.4, 14.4) and knowing someone who travelled to a cholera affected area (aOR 4.1; 95%CI 1.6, 10.7); while the availability of soap for handwashing at home was protective (aOR 0.41; 95%CI 0.19, 0.87). Those reporting access to a piped water distribution system in the home were twice as likely to report the availability of soap for handwashing. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were 72% (95% CI 47–90) and 71% (95%CI 44–90%). CONCLUSIONS: Improving population access to the piped water distribution system and sanitation will likely reduce transmission by enabling enhanced hygiene and limiting the contamination of water sources. The One step V. cholerae O1/O139 Antigen Test is of limited utility for clinical decision making in a hospital setting with access to traditional laboratory methods. Settlement dwellers and mobile populations of all age groups should be targeted for interventions in Papua New Guinea. BioMed Central 2012-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC3531249/ /pubmed/23126504 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-12-287 Text en Copyright ©2012 Rosewell et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rosewell, Alexander
Addy, Benita
Komnapi, Lucas
Makanda, Freda
Ropa, Berry
Posanai, Enoch
Dutta, Samir
Mola, Glen
Man, WY Nicola
Zwi, Anthony
MacIntyre, C Raina
Cholera risk factors, Papua New Guinea, 2010
title Cholera risk factors, Papua New Guinea, 2010
title_full Cholera risk factors, Papua New Guinea, 2010
title_fullStr Cholera risk factors, Papua New Guinea, 2010
title_full_unstemmed Cholera risk factors, Papua New Guinea, 2010
title_short Cholera risk factors, Papua New Guinea, 2010
title_sort cholera risk factors, papua new guinea, 2010
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126504
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-12-287
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