Cargando…
RNA-Seq-Based Metatranscriptomic and Microscopic Investigation Reveals Novel Metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as Potential Virulence Factors for Soft Tunic Syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi
Bodonids and trypanosomatids are derived from a common ancestor with the bodonids being a more primitive lineage. The Neobodonida, one of the three clades of bodonids, can be free-living, commensal or parasitic. Despite the ecological and evolutionary significance of these organisms, however, many o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300657 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052379 |
_version_ | 1782254183527743488 |
---|---|
author | Jang, Ho Bin Kim, Young Kyu del Castillo, Carmelo S. Nho, Seong Won Cha, In Seok Park, Seong Bin Ha, Mi Ae Hikima, Jun-ichi Hong, Sung Jong Aoki, Takashi Jung, Tae Sung |
author_facet | Jang, Ho Bin Kim, Young Kyu del Castillo, Carmelo S. Nho, Seong Won Cha, In Seok Park, Seong Bin Ha, Mi Ae Hikima, Jun-ichi Hong, Sung Jong Aoki, Takashi Jung, Tae Sung |
author_sort | Jang, Ho Bin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bodonids and trypanosomatids are derived from a common ancestor with the bodonids being a more primitive lineage. The Neobodonida, one of the three clades of bodonids, can be free-living, commensal or parasitic. Despite the ecological and evolutionary significance of these organisms, however, many of their biological and pathological features are currently unknown. Here, we employed metatranscriptomics using RNA-seq technology combined with field-emission microscopy to reveal the virulence factors of a recently described genus of Neobodonida that is considered to be responsible for ascidian soft tunic syndrome (AsSTS), but whose pathogenesis is unclear. Our microscopic observation of infected tunic tissues suggested putative virulence factors, enabling us to extract novel candidate transcripts; these included cysteine proteases of the families C1 and C2, serine proteases of S51 and S9 families, and metalloproteases grouped into families M1, M3, M8, M14, M16, M17, M24, M41, and M49. Protease activity/inhibition assays and the estimation of expression levels within gene clusters allowed us to identify metalloprotease-like enzymes as potential virulence attributes for AsSTS. Furthermore, a multimarker-based phylogenetic analysis using 1,184 concatenated amino acid sequences clarified the order Neobodo sp. In sum, we herein used metatranscriptomics to elucidate the in situ expression profiles of uncharacterized putative transcripts of Neobodo sp., combined these results with microscopic observation to select candidate genes relevant to pathogenesis, and used empirical screening to define important virulence factors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3531462 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35314622013-01-08 RNA-Seq-Based Metatranscriptomic and Microscopic Investigation Reveals Novel Metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as Potential Virulence Factors for Soft Tunic Syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi Jang, Ho Bin Kim, Young Kyu del Castillo, Carmelo S. Nho, Seong Won Cha, In Seok Park, Seong Bin Ha, Mi Ae Hikima, Jun-ichi Hong, Sung Jong Aoki, Takashi Jung, Tae Sung PLoS One Research Article Bodonids and trypanosomatids are derived from a common ancestor with the bodonids being a more primitive lineage. The Neobodonida, one of the three clades of bodonids, can be free-living, commensal or parasitic. Despite the ecological and evolutionary significance of these organisms, however, many of their biological and pathological features are currently unknown. Here, we employed metatranscriptomics using RNA-seq technology combined with field-emission microscopy to reveal the virulence factors of a recently described genus of Neobodonida that is considered to be responsible for ascidian soft tunic syndrome (AsSTS), but whose pathogenesis is unclear. Our microscopic observation of infected tunic tissues suggested putative virulence factors, enabling us to extract novel candidate transcripts; these included cysteine proteases of the families C1 and C2, serine proteases of S51 and S9 families, and metalloproteases grouped into families M1, M3, M8, M14, M16, M17, M24, M41, and M49. Protease activity/inhibition assays and the estimation of expression levels within gene clusters allowed us to identify metalloprotease-like enzymes as potential virulence attributes for AsSTS. Furthermore, a multimarker-based phylogenetic analysis using 1,184 concatenated amino acid sequences clarified the order Neobodo sp. In sum, we herein used metatranscriptomics to elucidate the in situ expression profiles of uncharacterized putative transcripts of Neobodo sp., combined these results with microscopic observation to select candidate genes relevant to pathogenesis, and used empirical screening to define important virulence factors. Public Library of Science 2012-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC3531462/ /pubmed/23300657 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052379 Text en © 2012 Jang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Jang, Ho Bin Kim, Young Kyu del Castillo, Carmelo S. Nho, Seong Won Cha, In Seok Park, Seong Bin Ha, Mi Ae Hikima, Jun-ichi Hong, Sung Jong Aoki, Takashi Jung, Tae Sung RNA-Seq-Based Metatranscriptomic and Microscopic Investigation Reveals Novel Metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as Potential Virulence Factors for Soft Tunic Syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi |
title | RNA-Seq-Based Metatranscriptomic and Microscopic Investigation Reveals Novel Metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as Potential Virulence Factors for Soft Tunic Syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi
|
title_full | RNA-Seq-Based Metatranscriptomic and Microscopic Investigation Reveals Novel Metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as Potential Virulence Factors for Soft Tunic Syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi
|
title_fullStr | RNA-Seq-Based Metatranscriptomic and Microscopic Investigation Reveals Novel Metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as Potential Virulence Factors for Soft Tunic Syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi
|
title_full_unstemmed | RNA-Seq-Based Metatranscriptomic and Microscopic Investigation Reveals Novel Metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as Potential Virulence Factors for Soft Tunic Syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi
|
title_short | RNA-Seq-Based Metatranscriptomic and Microscopic Investigation Reveals Novel Metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as Potential Virulence Factors for Soft Tunic Syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi
|
title_sort | rna-seq-based metatranscriptomic and microscopic investigation reveals novel metalloproteases of neobodo sp. as potential virulence factors for soft tunic syndrome in halocynthia roretzi |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300657 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052379 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT janghobin rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT kimyoungkyu rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT delcastillocarmelos rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT nhoseongwon rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT chainseok rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT parkseongbin rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT hamiae rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT hikimajunichi rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT hongsungjong rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT aokitakashi rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi AT jungtaesung rnaseqbasedmetatranscriptomicandmicroscopicinvestigationrevealsnovelmetalloproteasesofneobodospaspotentialvirulencefactorsforsofttunicsyndromeinhalocynthiaroretzi |