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Interstitial Fluid Flow: The Mechanical Environment of Cells and Foundation of Meridians
Using information from the deep dissection, microobservation, and measurement of acupoints in the upper and lower limbs of the human body, we developed a three-dimensional porous medium model to simulate the flow field using FLUENT software and to study the shear stress on the surface of interstitia...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3534246/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23365601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/853516 |
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author | Yao, Wei Li, Yabei Ding, Guanghong |
author_facet | Yao, Wei Li, Yabei Ding, Guanghong |
author_sort | Yao, Wei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Using information from the deep dissection, microobservation, and measurement of acupoints in the upper and lower limbs of the human body, we developed a three-dimensional porous medium model to simulate the flow field using FLUENT software and to study the shear stress on the surface of interstitial cells (mast cells) caused by interstitial fluid flow. The numerical simulation results show the following: (i) the parallel nature of capillaries will lead to directional interstitial fluid flow, which may explain the long interstitial tissue channels or meridians observed in some experiments; (ii) when the distribution of capillaries is staggered, increases in the velocity alternate, and the velocity tends to be uniform, which is beneficial for substance exchange; (iii) interstitial fluid flow induces a shear stress, with magnitude of several Pa, on interstitial cell membranes, which will activate cells and lead to a biological response; (iv) capillary and interstitial parameters, such as capillary density, blood pressure, capillary permeability, interstitial pressure, and interstitial porosity, affect the shear stress on cell surfaces. The numerical simulation results suggest that in vivo interstitial fluid flow constitutes the mechanical environment of cells and plays a key role in guiding cell activities, which may explain the meridian phenomena and the acupuncture effects observed in experiments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3534246 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35342462013-01-30 Interstitial Fluid Flow: The Mechanical Environment of Cells and Foundation of Meridians Yao, Wei Li, Yabei Ding, Guanghong Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Research Article Using information from the deep dissection, microobservation, and measurement of acupoints in the upper and lower limbs of the human body, we developed a three-dimensional porous medium model to simulate the flow field using FLUENT software and to study the shear stress on the surface of interstitial cells (mast cells) caused by interstitial fluid flow. The numerical simulation results show the following: (i) the parallel nature of capillaries will lead to directional interstitial fluid flow, which may explain the long interstitial tissue channels or meridians observed in some experiments; (ii) when the distribution of capillaries is staggered, increases in the velocity alternate, and the velocity tends to be uniform, which is beneficial for substance exchange; (iii) interstitial fluid flow induces a shear stress, with magnitude of several Pa, on interstitial cell membranes, which will activate cells and lead to a biological response; (iv) capillary and interstitial parameters, such as capillary density, blood pressure, capillary permeability, interstitial pressure, and interstitial porosity, affect the shear stress on cell surfaces. The numerical simulation results suggest that in vivo interstitial fluid flow constitutes the mechanical environment of cells and plays a key role in guiding cell activities, which may explain the meridian phenomena and the acupuncture effects observed in experiments. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC3534246/ /pubmed/23365601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/853516 Text en Copyright © 2012 Wei Yao et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Yao, Wei Li, Yabei Ding, Guanghong Interstitial Fluid Flow: The Mechanical Environment of Cells and Foundation of Meridians |
title | Interstitial Fluid Flow: The Mechanical Environment of Cells and Foundation of Meridians |
title_full | Interstitial Fluid Flow: The Mechanical Environment of Cells and Foundation of Meridians |
title_fullStr | Interstitial Fluid Flow: The Mechanical Environment of Cells and Foundation of Meridians |
title_full_unstemmed | Interstitial Fluid Flow: The Mechanical Environment of Cells and Foundation of Meridians |
title_short | Interstitial Fluid Flow: The Mechanical Environment of Cells and Foundation of Meridians |
title_sort | interstitial fluid flow: the mechanical environment of cells and foundation of meridians |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3534246/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23365601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/853516 |
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