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Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India

BACKGROUND: Amebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica and the ingestion of quadrinucleate cyst of E. histolytica from fecally contaminated food or water initiates infection. Excystation occurs in the lumen of small intestine, where motile and potentially invasive tro...

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Autores principales: Verma, Anil Kumar, Verma, Ravi, Ahuja, Vineet, Paul, Jaishree
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3534334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22913622
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-12-183
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author Verma, Anil Kumar
Verma, Ravi
Ahuja, Vineet
Paul, Jaishree
author_facet Verma, Anil Kumar
Verma, Ravi
Ahuja, Vineet
Paul, Jaishree
author_sort Verma, Anil Kumar
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Amebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica and the ingestion of quadrinucleate cyst of E. histolytica from fecally contaminated food or water initiates infection. Excystation occurs in the lumen of small intestine, where motile and potentially invasive trophozoites germinate from cysts. The ability of trophozoites to interact and digest gut bacteria is apparently important for multiplication of the parasite and its pathogenicity; however the contribution of resident bacterial flora is not well understood. We quantified the population of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium coccoides subgroup, Eubacterium, Campylobacter, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Sulphur reducing bacteria using genus specific primers in healthy (N = 22) vs amebic patients (E. histolytica positive, N = 17) stool samples by Real-time PCR. RESULTS: Absolute quantification of Bacteroides (p = .001), Closrtridium coccoides subgroup (p = 0.002), Clostridium leptum subgroup (p = 0.0001), Lactobacillus (p = 0.037), Campylobacter (p = 0.0014) and Eubacterium (p = 0.038) show significant drop in their population however, significant increase in Bifdobacterium (p = 0.009) was observed where as the population of Ruminococcus (p = 0.33) remained unaltered in healthy vs amebic patients (E. histolytica positive). We also report high prevalence of nimE gene in stool samples of both healthy volunteers and amebic patients. No significant decrease in nimE gene copy number was observed before and after the treatment with antiamebic drug. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show significant alteration in predominant gut bacteria in E. histolytica infected individuals. The frequent episodes of intestinal amoebic dysentery thus result in depletion of few predominant genera in gut that may lead to poor digestion and absorption of food in intestine. It further disturbs the homeostasis between gut epithelium and bacterial flora. The decrease in beneficial bacterial population gives way to dysbiosis of gut bacteria which may contribute to final outcome of the disease. Increase in the copy number of nimE gene harboring bacteria in our population reflects possible decrease in the availability of metronidazole drug during treatment of amoebiasis.
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spelling pubmed-35343342013-01-03 Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India Verma, Anil Kumar Verma, Ravi Ahuja, Vineet Paul, Jaishree BMC Microbiol Research Article BACKGROUND: Amebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica and the ingestion of quadrinucleate cyst of E. histolytica from fecally contaminated food or water initiates infection. Excystation occurs in the lumen of small intestine, where motile and potentially invasive trophozoites germinate from cysts. The ability of trophozoites to interact and digest gut bacteria is apparently important for multiplication of the parasite and its pathogenicity; however the contribution of resident bacterial flora is not well understood. We quantified the population of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium coccoides subgroup, Eubacterium, Campylobacter, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Sulphur reducing bacteria using genus specific primers in healthy (N = 22) vs amebic patients (E. histolytica positive, N = 17) stool samples by Real-time PCR. RESULTS: Absolute quantification of Bacteroides (p = .001), Closrtridium coccoides subgroup (p = 0.002), Clostridium leptum subgroup (p = 0.0001), Lactobacillus (p = 0.037), Campylobacter (p = 0.0014) and Eubacterium (p = 0.038) show significant drop in their population however, significant increase in Bifdobacterium (p = 0.009) was observed where as the population of Ruminococcus (p = 0.33) remained unaltered in healthy vs amebic patients (E. histolytica positive). We also report high prevalence of nimE gene in stool samples of both healthy volunteers and amebic patients. No significant decrease in nimE gene copy number was observed before and after the treatment with antiamebic drug. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show significant alteration in predominant gut bacteria in E. histolytica infected individuals. The frequent episodes of intestinal amoebic dysentery thus result in depletion of few predominant genera in gut that may lead to poor digestion and absorption of food in intestine. It further disturbs the homeostasis between gut epithelium and bacterial flora. The decrease in beneficial bacterial population gives way to dysbiosis of gut bacteria which may contribute to final outcome of the disease. Increase in the copy number of nimE gene harboring bacteria in our population reflects possible decrease in the availability of metronidazole drug during treatment of amoebiasis. BioMed Central 2012-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3534334/ /pubmed/22913622 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-12-183 Text en Copyright ©2012 Verma et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Verma, Anil Kumar
Verma, Ravi
Ahuja, Vineet
Paul, Jaishree
Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India
title Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India
title_full Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India
title_fullStr Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India
title_full_unstemmed Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India
title_short Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India
title_sort real-time analysis of gut flora in entamoeba histolytica infected patients of northern india
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3534334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22913622
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-12-183
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