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The Role of Viral Population Diversity in Adaptation of Bovine Coronavirus to New Host Environments

The high mutation rate of RNA viruses enables a diverse genetic population of viral genotypes to exist within a single infected host. In-host genetic diversity could better position the virus population to respond and adapt to a diverse array of selective pressures such as host-switching events. Mul...

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Autores principales: Borucki, Monica K., Allen, Jonathan E., Chen-Harris, Haiyin, Zemla, Adam, Vanier, Gilda, Mabery, Shalini, Torres, Clinton, Hullinger, Pamela, Slezak, Tom
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538757/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23308119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052752
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author Borucki, Monica K.
Allen, Jonathan E.
Chen-Harris, Haiyin
Zemla, Adam
Vanier, Gilda
Mabery, Shalini
Torres, Clinton
Hullinger, Pamela
Slezak, Tom
author_facet Borucki, Monica K.
Allen, Jonathan E.
Chen-Harris, Haiyin
Zemla, Adam
Vanier, Gilda
Mabery, Shalini
Torres, Clinton
Hullinger, Pamela
Slezak, Tom
author_sort Borucki, Monica K.
collection PubMed
description The high mutation rate of RNA viruses enables a diverse genetic population of viral genotypes to exist within a single infected host. In-host genetic diversity could better position the virus population to respond and adapt to a diverse array of selective pressures such as host-switching events. Multiple new coronaviruses, including SARS, have been identified in human samples just within the last ten years, demonstrating the potential of coronaviruses as emergent human pathogens. Deep sequencing was used to characterize genomic changes in coronavirus quasispecies during simulated host-switching. Three bovine nasal samples infected with bovine coronavirus were used to infect human and bovine macrophage and lung cell lines. The virus reproduced relatively well in macrophages, but the lung cell lines were not infected efficiently enough to allow passage of non lab-adapted samples. Approximately 12 kb of the genome was amplified before and after passage and sequenced at average coverages of nearly 950×(454 sequencing) and 38,000×(Illumina). The consensus sequence of many of the passaged samples had a 12 nucleotide insert in the consensus sequence of the spike gene, and multiple point mutations were associated with the presence of the insert. Deep sequencing revealed that the insert was present but very rare in the unpassaged samples and could quickly shift to dominate the population when placed in a different environment. The insert coded for three arginine residues, occurred in a region associated with fusion entry into host cells, and may allow infection of new cell types via heparin sulfate binding. Analysis of the deep sequencing data indicated that two distinct genotypes circulated at different frequency levels in each sample, and support the hypothesis that the mutations present in passaged strains were “selected” from a pre-existing pool rather than through de novo mutation and subsequent population fixation.
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spelling pubmed-35387572013-01-10 The Role of Viral Population Diversity in Adaptation of Bovine Coronavirus to New Host Environments Borucki, Monica K. Allen, Jonathan E. Chen-Harris, Haiyin Zemla, Adam Vanier, Gilda Mabery, Shalini Torres, Clinton Hullinger, Pamela Slezak, Tom PLoS One Research Article The high mutation rate of RNA viruses enables a diverse genetic population of viral genotypes to exist within a single infected host. In-host genetic diversity could better position the virus population to respond and adapt to a diverse array of selective pressures such as host-switching events. Multiple new coronaviruses, including SARS, have been identified in human samples just within the last ten years, demonstrating the potential of coronaviruses as emergent human pathogens. Deep sequencing was used to characterize genomic changes in coronavirus quasispecies during simulated host-switching. Three bovine nasal samples infected with bovine coronavirus were used to infect human and bovine macrophage and lung cell lines. The virus reproduced relatively well in macrophages, but the lung cell lines were not infected efficiently enough to allow passage of non lab-adapted samples. Approximately 12 kb of the genome was amplified before and after passage and sequenced at average coverages of nearly 950×(454 sequencing) and 38,000×(Illumina). The consensus sequence of many of the passaged samples had a 12 nucleotide insert in the consensus sequence of the spike gene, and multiple point mutations were associated with the presence of the insert. Deep sequencing revealed that the insert was present but very rare in the unpassaged samples and could quickly shift to dominate the population when placed in a different environment. The insert coded for three arginine residues, occurred in a region associated with fusion entry into host cells, and may allow infection of new cell types via heparin sulfate binding. Analysis of the deep sequencing data indicated that two distinct genotypes circulated at different frequency levels in each sample, and support the hypothesis that the mutations present in passaged strains were “selected” from a pre-existing pool rather than through de novo mutation and subsequent population fixation. Public Library of Science 2013-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3538757/ /pubmed/23308119 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052752 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Borucki, Monica K.
Allen, Jonathan E.
Chen-Harris, Haiyin
Zemla, Adam
Vanier, Gilda
Mabery, Shalini
Torres, Clinton
Hullinger, Pamela
Slezak, Tom
The Role of Viral Population Diversity in Adaptation of Bovine Coronavirus to New Host Environments
title The Role of Viral Population Diversity in Adaptation of Bovine Coronavirus to New Host Environments
title_full The Role of Viral Population Diversity in Adaptation of Bovine Coronavirus to New Host Environments
title_fullStr The Role of Viral Population Diversity in Adaptation of Bovine Coronavirus to New Host Environments
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Viral Population Diversity in Adaptation of Bovine Coronavirus to New Host Environments
title_short The Role of Viral Population Diversity in Adaptation of Bovine Coronavirus to New Host Environments
title_sort role of viral population diversity in adaptation of bovine coronavirus to new host environments
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538757/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23308119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052752
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