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Effects of angiotensin II on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress
Oxidative stress has emerged as a key component of many diseases that affect the vasculature. Oxidative stress is characterized as a cellular environment where the generation of oxidant molecules overwhelms endogenous anti-oxidant defense mechanisms. NADPH oxidases are a family of enzymes whose prim...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539653/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23316164 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00484 |
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author | De Silva, T. Michael Faraci, Frank M. |
author_facet | De Silva, T. Michael Faraci, Frank M. |
author_sort | De Silva, T. Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | Oxidative stress has emerged as a key component of many diseases that affect the vasculature. Oxidative stress is characterized as a cellular environment where the generation of oxidant molecules overwhelms endogenous anti-oxidant defense mechanisms. NADPH oxidases are a family of enzymes whose primary purpose is generation of reactive oxygen species (oxidant molecules) and therefore are likely to be key contributors to oxidative stress. Hypertension is associated with oxidative stress in the vasculature and is a major risk factor for stroke and cognitive abnormalities. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and plays a critical role in promoting oxidative stress in the vasculature. In the cerebral circulation, Ang II has been implicated in reactive oxygen species generation, alterations to vasomotor function, impaired neurovascular coupling, inflammation, and vascular remodeling. Furthermore, studies in humans have shown that cerebral blood flow is altered during hypertension and therapeutically targeting the RAS improves cerebral blood flow. Importantly, many of the aforementioned effects have been shown to be dependent on NADPH oxidases. Thus, Ang II, NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress are likely to play key roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension and associated cerebrovascular disease. This review will focus on our current understanding of the contribution of Ang II and NADPH oxidases to oxidative stress in the cerebral circulation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3539653 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35396532013-01-11 Effects of angiotensin II on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress De Silva, T. Michael Faraci, Frank M. Front Physiol Physiology Oxidative stress has emerged as a key component of many diseases that affect the vasculature. Oxidative stress is characterized as a cellular environment where the generation of oxidant molecules overwhelms endogenous anti-oxidant defense mechanisms. NADPH oxidases are a family of enzymes whose primary purpose is generation of reactive oxygen species (oxidant molecules) and therefore are likely to be key contributors to oxidative stress. Hypertension is associated with oxidative stress in the vasculature and is a major risk factor for stroke and cognitive abnormalities. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and plays a critical role in promoting oxidative stress in the vasculature. In the cerebral circulation, Ang II has been implicated in reactive oxygen species generation, alterations to vasomotor function, impaired neurovascular coupling, inflammation, and vascular remodeling. Furthermore, studies in humans have shown that cerebral blood flow is altered during hypertension and therapeutically targeting the RAS improves cerebral blood flow. Importantly, many of the aforementioned effects have been shown to be dependent on NADPH oxidases. Thus, Ang II, NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress are likely to play key roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension and associated cerebrovascular disease. This review will focus on our current understanding of the contribution of Ang II and NADPH oxidases to oxidative stress in the cerebral circulation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3539653/ /pubmed/23316164 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00484 Text en Copyright © 2013 De Silva and Faraci. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc. |
spellingShingle | Physiology De Silva, T. Michael Faraci, Frank M. Effects of angiotensin II on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress |
title | Effects of angiotensin II on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress |
title_full | Effects of angiotensin II on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress |
title_fullStr | Effects of angiotensin II on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of angiotensin II on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress |
title_short | Effects of angiotensin II on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress |
title_sort | effects of angiotensin ii on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539653/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23316164 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00484 |
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