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Differential Effects of Military Training on Fat-Free Mass and Plasma Amino Acid Adaptations in Men and Women

Fat-free mass (FFM) adaptations to physical training may differ between sexes based on disparities in fitness level, dietary intake, and levels of plasma amino acids (AA). This investigation aimed to determine FFM and plasma AA responses to military training, examine whether adaptations differ betwe...

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Autores principales: Margolis, Lee M., Pasiakos, Stefan M., Karl, J. Philip, Rood, Jennifer C., Cable, Sonya J., Williams, Kelly W., Young, Andrew J., McClung, James P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23250145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu4122035
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author Margolis, Lee M.
Pasiakos, Stefan M.
Karl, J. Philip
Rood, Jennifer C.
Cable, Sonya J.
Williams, Kelly W.
Young, Andrew J.
McClung, James P.
author_facet Margolis, Lee M.
Pasiakos, Stefan M.
Karl, J. Philip
Rood, Jennifer C.
Cable, Sonya J.
Williams, Kelly W.
Young, Andrew J.
McClung, James P.
author_sort Margolis, Lee M.
collection PubMed
description Fat-free mass (FFM) adaptations to physical training may differ between sexes based on disparities in fitness level, dietary intake, and levels of plasma amino acids (AA). This investigation aimed to determine FFM and plasma AA responses to military training, examine whether adaptations differ between male and female recruits, and explore potential associations between FFM and AA responses to training. Body composition and plasma AA levels were assessed in US Army recruits (n = 209, 118 males, 91 females) before (baseline) and every three weeks during basic combat training (BCT), a 10-week military training course. Body weight decreased in men but remained stable in women during BCT (sex-by-time interaction, P < 0.05). Fifty-eight percent of recruits gained FFM during BCT, with more (P < 0.05) females (88%) gaining FFM than males (36%). Total plasma AA increased (P < 0.05) during BCT, with greater (P < 0.05) increases observed in females (17%) then in males (4%). Essential amino acids (EAA) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were increased (P < 0.05) in females but did not change in males (sex-by-time interaction, P < 0.05). Independent of sex, changes in EAA (r = 0.34) and BCAA (r = 0.27) from baseline were associated with changes in FFM (P < 0.05); greater (P < 0.05) increases in AA concentrations were observed for those who gained FFM. Increases in FFM and plasma AA suggest that BCT elicits a more pronounced anabolic response in women compared to men, which may reflect sex-specific differences in the relative intensity of the combined training and physiological stimulus associated with BCT.
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spelling pubmed-35466212013-01-23 Differential Effects of Military Training on Fat-Free Mass and Plasma Amino Acid Adaptations in Men and Women Margolis, Lee M. Pasiakos, Stefan M. Karl, J. Philip Rood, Jennifer C. Cable, Sonya J. Williams, Kelly W. Young, Andrew J. McClung, James P. Nutrients Article Fat-free mass (FFM) adaptations to physical training may differ between sexes based on disparities in fitness level, dietary intake, and levels of plasma amino acids (AA). This investigation aimed to determine FFM and plasma AA responses to military training, examine whether adaptations differ between male and female recruits, and explore potential associations between FFM and AA responses to training. Body composition and plasma AA levels were assessed in US Army recruits (n = 209, 118 males, 91 females) before (baseline) and every three weeks during basic combat training (BCT), a 10-week military training course. Body weight decreased in men but remained stable in women during BCT (sex-by-time interaction, P < 0.05). Fifty-eight percent of recruits gained FFM during BCT, with more (P < 0.05) females (88%) gaining FFM than males (36%). Total plasma AA increased (P < 0.05) during BCT, with greater (P < 0.05) increases observed in females (17%) then in males (4%). Essential amino acids (EAA) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were increased (P < 0.05) in females but did not change in males (sex-by-time interaction, P < 0.05). Independent of sex, changes in EAA (r = 0.34) and BCAA (r = 0.27) from baseline were associated with changes in FFM (P < 0.05); greater (P < 0.05) increases in AA concentrations were observed for those who gained FFM. Increases in FFM and plasma AA suggest that BCT elicits a more pronounced anabolic response in women compared to men, which may reflect sex-specific differences in the relative intensity of the combined training and physiological stimulus associated with BCT. MDPI 2012-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3546621/ /pubmed/23250145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu4122035 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Margolis, Lee M.
Pasiakos, Stefan M.
Karl, J. Philip
Rood, Jennifer C.
Cable, Sonya J.
Williams, Kelly W.
Young, Andrew J.
McClung, James P.
Differential Effects of Military Training on Fat-Free Mass and Plasma Amino Acid Adaptations in Men and Women
title Differential Effects of Military Training on Fat-Free Mass and Plasma Amino Acid Adaptations in Men and Women
title_full Differential Effects of Military Training on Fat-Free Mass and Plasma Amino Acid Adaptations in Men and Women
title_fullStr Differential Effects of Military Training on Fat-Free Mass and Plasma Amino Acid Adaptations in Men and Women
title_full_unstemmed Differential Effects of Military Training on Fat-Free Mass and Plasma Amino Acid Adaptations in Men and Women
title_short Differential Effects of Military Training on Fat-Free Mass and Plasma Amino Acid Adaptations in Men and Women
title_sort differential effects of military training on fat-free mass and plasma amino acid adaptations in men and women
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23250145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu4122035
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