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Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant

The term “encephalopathy of prematurity” encompasses not only the acute brain injury [such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)] but also complex disturbance on the infant’s subsequent brain development. In premature infants, the most frequent recognized source of brain injury is IVH and periventric...

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Autores principales: Douglas-Escobar, Martha, Weiss, Michael D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3551194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23346073
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2012.00185
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author Douglas-Escobar, Martha
Weiss, Michael D.
author_facet Douglas-Escobar, Martha
Weiss, Michael D.
author_sort Douglas-Escobar, Martha
collection PubMed
description The term “encephalopathy of prematurity” encompasses not only the acute brain injury [such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)] but also complex disturbance on the infant’s subsequent brain development. In premature infants, the most frequent recognized source of brain injury is IVH and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Furthermore 20–25% infants with birth weigh less than 1,500 g will have IVH and that proportion increases to 45% if the birth weight is less than 500–750 g. In addition, nearly 60% of very low birth weight newborns will have hypoxic-ischemic injury. Therefore permanent lifetime neurodevelopmental disabilities are frequent in premature infants. Innovative approach to prevent or decrease brain injury in preterm infants requires discovery of biomarkers able to discriminate infants at risk for injury, monitor the progression of the injury, and assess efficacy of neuroprotective clinical trials. In this article, we will review biomarkers studied in premature infants with IVH, Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD), and PVL including: S100b, Activin A, erythropoietin, chemokine CCL 18, GFAP, and NFL will also be examined. Some of the most promising biomarkers for IVH are S100β and Activin. The concentrations of TGF-β1, MMP-9, and PAI-1 in cerebrospinal fluid could be used to discriminate patients that will require shunt after PHVD. Neonatal brain injury is frequent in premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care and we hope to contribute to the awareness and interest in clinical validation of established as well as novel neonatal brain injury biomarkers.
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spelling pubmed-35511942013-01-23 Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant Douglas-Escobar, Martha Weiss, Michael D. Front Neurol Neuroscience The term “encephalopathy of prematurity” encompasses not only the acute brain injury [such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)] but also complex disturbance on the infant’s subsequent brain development. In premature infants, the most frequent recognized source of brain injury is IVH and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Furthermore 20–25% infants with birth weigh less than 1,500 g will have IVH and that proportion increases to 45% if the birth weight is less than 500–750 g. In addition, nearly 60% of very low birth weight newborns will have hypoxic-ischemic injury. Therefore permanent lifetime neurodevelopmental disabilities are frequent in premature infants. Innovative approach to prevent or decrease brain injury in preterm infants requires discovery of biomarkers able to discriminate infants at risk for injury, monitor the progression of the injury, and assess efficacy of neuroprotective clinical trials. In this article, we will review biomarkers studied in premature infants with IVH, Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD), and PVL including: S100b, Activin A, erythropoietin, chemokine CCL 18, GFAP, and NFL will also be examined. Some of the most promising biomarkers for IVH are S100β and Activin. The concentrations of TGF-β1, MMP-9, and PAI-1 in cerebrospinal fluid could be used to discriminate patients that will require shunt after PHVD. Neonatal brain injury is frequent in premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care and we hope to contribute to the awareness and interest in clinical validation of established as well as novel neonatal brain injury biomarkers. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-01-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3551194/ /pubmed/23346073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2012.00185 Text en Copyright © 2013 Douglas-Escobar and Weiss. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Douglas-Escobar, Martha
Weiss, Michael D.
Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant
title Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant
title_full Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant
title_fullStr Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant
title_full_unstemmed Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant
title_short Biomarkers of Brain Injury in the Premature Infant
title_sort biomarkers of brain injury in the premature infant
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3551194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23346073
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2012.00185
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