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How to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly

Chloroplasts are the endosymbiotic descendants of cyanobacterium-like prokaryotes. Present genomes of plant and green algae chloroplasts (plastomes) contain ~100 genes mainly encoding for their transcription-/translation-machinery, subunits of the thylakoid membrane complexes (photosystems II and I,...

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Autores principales: Lyska, Dagmar, Meierhoff, Karin, Westhoff, Peter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer-Verlag 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3555230/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22976450
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1752-5
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author Lyska, Dagmar
Meierhoff, Karin
Westhoff, Peter
author_facet Lyska, Dagmar
Meierhoff, Karin
Westhoff, Peter
author_sort Lyska, Dagmar
collection PubMed
description Chloroplasts are the endosymbiotic descendants of cyanobacterium-like prokaryotes. Present genomes of plant and green algae chloroplasts (plastomes) contain ~100 genes mainly encoding for their transcription-/translation-machinery, subunits of the thylakoid membrane complexes (photosystems II and I, cytochrome b (6) f, ATP synthase), and the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Nevertheless, proteomic studies have identified several thousand proteins in chloroplasts indicating that the majority of the plastid proteome is not encoded by the plastome. Indeed, plastid and host cell genomes have been massively rearranged in the course of their co-evolution, mainly through gene loss, horizontal gene transfer from the cyanobacterium/chloroplast to the nucleus of the host cell, and the emergence of new nuclear genes. Besides structural components of thylakoid membrane complexes and other (enzymatic) complexes, the nucleus provides essential factors that are involved in a variety of processes inside the chloroplast, like gene expression (transcription, RNA-maturation and translation), complex assembly, and protein import. Here, we provide an overview on regulatory factors that have been described and characterized in the past years, putting emphasis on mechanisms regulating the expression and assembly of the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane complexes.
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spelling pubmed-35552302013-01-25 How to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly Lyska, Dagmar Meierhoff, Karin Westhoff, Peter Planta Review Chloroplasts are the endosymbiotic descendants of cyanobacterium-like prokaryotes. Present genomes of plant and green algae chloroplasts (plastomes) contain ~100 genes mainly encoding for their transcription-/translation-machinery, subunits of the thylakoid membrane complexes (photosystems II and I, cytochrome b (6) f, ATP synthase), and the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Nevertheless, proteomic studies have identified several thousand proteins in chloroplasts indicating that the majority of the plastid proteome is not encoded by the plastome. Indeed, plastid and host cell genomes have been massively rearranged in the course of their co-evolution, mainly through gene loss, horizontal gene transfer from the cyanobacterium/chloroplast to the nucleus of the host cell, and the emergence of new nuclear genes. Besides structural components of thylakoid membrane complexes and other (enzymatic) complexes, the nucleus provides essential factors that are involved in a variety of processes inside the chloroplast, like gene expression (transcription, RNA-maturation and translation), complex assembly, and protein import. Here, we provide an overview on regulatory factors that have been described and characterized in the past years, putting emphasis on mechanisms regulating the expression and assembly of the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane complexes. Springer-Verlag 2012-09-14 2013 /pmc/articles/PMC3555230/ /pubmed/22976450 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1752-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
spellingShingle Review
Lyska, Dagmar
Meierhoff, Karin
Westhoff, Peter
How to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly
title How to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly
title_full How to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly
title_fullStr How to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly
title_full_unstemmed How to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly
title_short How to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly
title_sort how to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3555230/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22976450
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1752-5
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