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Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases—Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on?

Macropathogens, such as multicellular helminths, are considered masters of immunoregulation due to their ability to escape host defense and establish chronic infections. Molecular crosstalk between the host and the parasite starts immediately after their encounter, which influences the course and de...

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Autores principales: Aranzamendi, Carmen, Sofronic-Milosavljevic, Ljiljana, Pinelli, Elena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3556843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23365718
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/329438
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author Aranzamendi, Carmen
Sofronic-Milosavljevic, Ljiljana
Pinelli, Elena
author_facet Aranzamendi, Carmen
Sofronic-Milosavljevic, Ljiljana
Pinelli, Elena
author_sort Aranzamendi, Carmen
collection PubMed
description Macropathogens, such as multicellular helminths, are considered masters of immunoregulation due to their ability to escape host defense and establish chronic infections. Molecular crosstalk between the host and the parasite starts immediately after their encounter, which influences the course and development of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. Helminths can modulate dendritic cells (DCs) function and induce immunosuppression which is mediated by a regulatory network that includes regulatory T (Treg) cells, regulatory B (Breg) cells, and alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). In this way, helminths suppress and control both parasite-specific and unrelated immunopathology in the host such as Th1-mediated autoimmune and Th2-mediated allergic diseases. However, certain helminths favour the development or exacerbation of allergic responses. In this paper, the cell types that play an essential role in helminth-induced immunoregulation, the consequences for inflammatory diseases, and the contrasting effects of Toxocara and Trichinella infection on allergic manifestations are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-35568432013-01-30 Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases—Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on? Aranzamendi, Carmen Sofronic-Milosavljevic, Ljiljana Pinelli, Elena J Parasitol Res Review Article Macropathogens, such as multicellular helminths, are considered masters of immunoregulation due to their ability to escape host defense and establish chronic infections. Molecular crosstalk between the host and the parasite starts immediately after their encounter, which influences the course and development of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. Helminths can modulate dendritic cells (DCs) function and induce immunosuppression which is mediated by a regulatory network that includes regulatory T (Treg) cells, regulatory B (Breg) cells, and alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). In this way, helminths suppress and control both parasite-specific and unrelated immunopathology in the host such as Th1-mediated autoimmune and Th2-mediated allergic diseases. However, certain helminths favour the development or exacerbation of allergic responses. In this paper, the cell types that play an essential role in helminth-induced immunoregulation, the consequences for inflammatory diseases, and the contrasting effects of Toxocara and Trichinella infection on allergic manifestations are discussed. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3556843/ /pubmed/23365718 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/329438 Text en Copyright © 2013 Carmen Aranzamendi et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Aranzamendi, Carmen
Sofronic-Milosavljevic, Ljiljana
Pinelli, Elena
Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases—Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on?
title Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases—Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on?
title_full Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases—Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on?
title_fullStr Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases—Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on?
title_full_unstemmed Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases—Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on?
title_short Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases—Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on?
title_sort helminths: immunoregulation and inflammatory diseases—which side are trichinella spp. and toxocara spp. on?
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3556843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23365718
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/329438
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