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Azithromycin reduces inflammation in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis
PURPOSE: Macrolide antibiotics are known to have various anti-inflammatory effects in addition to their antimicrobial activity, but the mechanisms are still unclear. The effect of azithromycin on inflammatory molecules in the lipopolysaccharide-induced rat conjunctivitis model was investigated. METH...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Molecular Vision
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3559097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378729 |
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author | Fernandez-Robredo, Patricia Recalde, Sergio Moreno-Orduña, Maite García-García, Laura Zarranz-Ventura, Javier García-Layana, Alfredo |
author_facet | Fernandez-Robredo, Patricia Recalde, Sergio Moreno-Orduña, Maite García-García, Laura Zarranz-Ventura, Javier García-Layana, Alfredo |
author_sort | Fernandez-Robredo, Patricia |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Macrolide antibiotics are known to have various anti-inflammatory effects in addition to their antimicrobial activity, but the mechanisms are still unclear. The effect of azithromycin on inflammatory molecules in the lipopolysaccharide-induced rat conjunctivitis model was investigated. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into two groups receiving topical ocular azithromycin (15 mg/g) or vehicle. In total, six doses (25 µl) were administered as one dose twice a day for three days before subconjunctival lipopolysaccharide injection (3 mg/ml). Before the rats were euthanized, mucus secretion, conjunctival and palpebral edema and redness were evaluated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine gene expression for interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9. Interleukin-6 was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, nuclear factor-kappa B with western blot, and MMP-2 activity with gelatin zymogram. Four eyes per group were processed for histology and subsequent periodic acid-Schiff staining and CD68 for immunofluorescence. The Student t test or the Wilcoxon test for independent samples was applied (SPSS v.15.0). RESULTS: Azithromycin-treated animals showed a significant reduction in all clinical signs (p<0.05) compared to controls. Interleukin-6 (p<0.05), nuclear factor-kappa B protein expression (p<0.01), and MMP-2 activity (p<0.05) in conjunctival homogenates were significantly reduced compared with the control animals. MMP-2 gene expression showed a tendency to decrease in the azithromycin group (p=0.063). Mucus secretion by goblet cells and the macrophage count in conjunctival tissue were also decreased in the azithromycin group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that azithromycin administration ameliorates induced inflammation effects in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3559097 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Molecular Vision |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35590972013-02-01 Azithromycin reduces inflammation in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis Fernandez-Robredo, Patricia Recalde, Sergio Moreno-Orduña, Maite García-García, Laura Zarranz-Ventura, Javier García-Layana, Alfredo Mol Vis Research Article PURPOSE: Macrolide antibiotics are known to have various anti-inflammatory effects in addition to their antimicrobial activity, but the mechanisms are still unclear. The effect of azithromycin on inflammatory molecules in the lipopolysaccharide-induced rat conjunctivitis model was investigated. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into two groups receiving topical ocular azithromycin (15 mg/g) or vehicle. In total, six doses (25 µl) were administered as one dose twice a day for three days before subconjunctival lipopolysaccharide injection (3 mg/ml). Before the rats were euthanized, mucus secretion, conjunctival and palpebral edema and redness were evaluated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine gene expression for interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9. Interleukin-6 was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, nuclear factor-kappa B with western blot, and MMP-2 activity with gelatin zymogram. Four eyes per group were processed for histology and subsequent periodic acid-Schiff staining and CD68 for immunofluorescence. The Student t test or the Wilcoxon test for independent samples was applied (SPSS v.15.0). RESULTS: Azithromycin-treated animals showed a significant reduction in all clinical signs (p<0.05) compared to controls. Interleukin-6 (p<0.05), nuclear factor-kappa B protein expression (p<0.01), and MMP-2 activity (p<0.05) in conjunctival homogenates were significantly reduced compared with the control animals. MMP-2 gene expression showed a tendency to decrease in the azithromycin group (p=0.063). Mucus secretion by goblet cells and the macrophage count in conjunctival tissue were also decreased in the azithromycin group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that azithromycin administration ameliorates induced inflammation effects in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis. Molecular Vision 2013-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC3559097/ /pubmed/23378729 Text en Copyright © 2013 Molecular Vision. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Fernandez-Robredo, Patricia Recalde, Sergio Moreno-Orduña, Maite García-García, Laura Zarranz-Ventura, Javier García-Layana, Alfredo Azithromycin reduces inflammation in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis |
title | Azithromycin reduces inflammation in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis |
title_full | Azithromycin reduces inflammation in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis |
title_fullStr | Azithromycin reduces inflammation in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis |
title_full_unstemmed | Azithromycin reduces inflammation in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis |
title_short | Azithromycin reduces inflammation in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis |
title_sort | azithromycin reduces inflammation in a rat model of acute conjunctivitis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3559097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378729 |
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