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Agent of Whirling Disease Meets Orphan Worm: Phylogenomic Analyses Firmly Place Myxozoa in Cnidaria

Myxozoa are microscopic obligate endoparasites with complex live cycles. Representatives are Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids, and the enigmatic “orphan worm” Buddenbrockia plumatellae parasitizing in Bryozoa. Originally, Myxozoa were classified as protists,...

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Autores principales: Nesnidal, Maximilian P., Helmkampf, Martin, Bruchhaus, Iris, El-Matbouli, Mansour, Hausdorf, Bernhard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3559788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23382916
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054576
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author Nesnidal, Maximilian P.
Helmkampf, Martin
Bruchhaus, Iris
El-Matbouli, Mansour
Hausdorf, Bernhard
author_facet Nesnidal, Maximilian P.
Helmkampf, Martin
Bruchhaus, Iris
El-Matbouli, Mansour
Hausdorf, Bernhard
author_sort Nesnidal, Maximilian P.
collection PubMed
description Myxozoa are microscopic obligate endoparasites with complex live cycles. Representatives are Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids, and the enigmatic “orphan worm” Buddenbrockia plumatellae parasitizing in Bryozoa. Originally, Myxozoa were classified as protists, but later several metazoan characteristics were reported. However, their phylogenetic relationships remained doubtful. Some molecular phylogenetic analyses placed them as sister group to or even within Bilateria, whereas the possession of polar capsules that are similar to nematocysts of Cnidaria and of minicollagen genes suggest a close relationship between Myxozoa and Cnidaria. EST data of Buddenbrockia also indicated a cnidarian origin of Myxozoa, but were not sufficient to reject a closer relationship to bilaterians. Phylogenomic analyses of new genomic sequences of Myxobolus cerebralis firmly place Myxozoa as sister group to Medusozoa within Cnidaria. Based on the new dataset, the alternative hypothesis that Myxozoa form a clade with Bilateria can be rejected using topology tests. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this result is not affected by long branch attraction artifacts or compositional bias.
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spelling pubmed-35597882013-02-04 Agent of Whirling Disease Meets Orphan Worm: Phylogenomic Analyses Firmly Place Myxozoa in Cnidaria Nesnidal, Maximilian P. Helmkampf, Martin Bruchhaus, Iris El-Matbouli, Mansour Hausdorf, Bernhard PLoS One Research Article Myxozoa are microscopic obligate endoparasites with complex live cycles. Representatives are Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids, and the enigmatic “orphan worm” Buddenbrockia plumatellae parasitizing in Bryozoa. Originally, Myxozoa were classified as protists, but later several metazoan characteristics were reported. However, their phylogenetic relationships remained doubtful. Some molecular phylogenetic analyses placed them as sister group to or even within Bilateria, whereas the possession of polar capsules that are similar to nematocysts of Cnidaria and of minicollagen genes suggest a close relationship between Myxozoa and Cnidaria. EST data of Buddenbrockia also indicated a cnidarian origin of Myxozoa, but were not sufficient to reject a closer relationship to bilaterians. Phylogenomic analyses of new genomic sequences of Myxobolus cerebralis firmly place Myxozoa as sister group to Medusozoa within Cnidaria. Based on the new dataset, the alternative hypothesis that Myxozoa form a clade with Bilateria can be rejected using topology tests. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this result is not affected by long branch attraction artifacts or compositional bias. Public Library of Science 2013-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3559788/ /pubmed/23382916 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054576 Text en © 2013 Nesnidal et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nesnidal, Maximilian P.
Helmkampf, Martin
Bruchhaus, Iris
El-Matbouli, Mansour
Hausdorf, Bernhard
Agent of Whirling Disease Meets Orphan Worm: Phylogenomic Analyses Firmly Place Myxozoa in Cnidaria
title Agent of Whirling Disease Meets Orphan Worm: Phylogenomic Analyses Firmly Place Myxozoa in Cnidaria
title_full Agent of Whirling Disease Meets Orphan Worm: Phylogenomic Analyses Firmly Place Myxozoa in Cnidaria
title_fullStr Agent of Whirling Disease Meets Orphan Worm: Phylogenomic Analyses Firmly Place Myxozoa in Cnidaria
title_full_unstemmed Agent of Whirling Disease Meets Orphan Worm: Phylogenomic Analyses Firmly Place Myxozoa in Cnidaria
title_short Agent of Whirling Disease Meets Orphan Worm: Phylogenomic Analyses Firmly Place Myxozoa in Cnidaria
title_sort agent of whirling disease meets orphan worm: phylogenomic analyses firmly place myxozoa in cnidaria
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3559788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23382916
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054576
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