Effectiveness of ranibizumab intravitreal injections for exudative age-related macular degeneration treatment: 12-month outcomes

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to evaluate functional and anatomical results of intravitreal ranibizumab injections and the course of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treatment over a 12-month observation period. MATERIAL/METHODS: In 25 patients with active dominantly classic exudative AMD, treatment was performed according to the following schedule: 3 intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg ranibizumab at monthly intervals (saturation phase); further injections were based on activity of the neovascular process. Changes in VA and central retinal thickness (CRT) during treatment were evaluated with ANOVA testing. RESULTS: Mean pre-treatment best corrected visual acuity was 0.73±0.27 logMAR. After the third ranibizumab injection the best results, 0.54±0.27 logMAR, were seen; 12-month results were 0.58±0.26 logMAR. Patients had a mean improvement of 10.6 letters at 12 months. In 92% of patients stabilization or improvement of vision was observed. The mean number of injections in the 12-month period was 6. Baseline mean CRT was 351.12±74.15 μm. After the first ranibizumab injection it decreased significantly to 221.96±60.85 μm, after the third injection it was 200.80±47.63 μm, and after 12 months it was 213.16±44.37 μm. Mean correlations between baseline average CRT and baseline average VA measured in ETDRS letters (p=0.017) and in logMAR scale (p=0.033) and between average CRT after the third injection and average VA in logMAR scale after the third injection (p=0.047) were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab injections according to the presented scheme provides AMD patients with a chance of stabilization and improvement of the topical state, with a lower number of injections and preserved topical and general safety. Our results suggest that regular monthly controls are necessary to be able react rapidly to the smallest signs of deterioration, not only in visual acuity, but also in OCT images.