Cargando…

Processing Facial Expressions of Emotion: Upright vs. Inverted Images

We studied discrimination of briefly presented upright vs. inverted emotional facial expressions (FEs), hypothesizing that inversion would impair emotion decoding by disrupting holistic FE processing. Stimuli were photographs of seven emotion prototypes, of a male and female poser (Ekman and Friesen...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bimler, David L., Skwarek, Slawomir J., Paramei, Galina V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572503/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23420686
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00054
_version_ 1782259329952382976
author Bimler, David L.
Skwarek, Slawomir J.
Paramei, Galina V.
author_facet Bimler, David L.
Skwarek, Slawomir J.
Paramei, Galina V.
author_sort Bimler, David L.
collection PubMed
description We studied discrimination of briefly presented upright vs. inverted emotional facial expressions (FEs), hypothesizing that inversion would impair emotion decoding by disrupting holistic FE processing. Stimuli were photographs of seven emotion prototypes, of a male and female poser (Ekman and Friesen, 1976), and eight intermediate morphs in each set. Subjects made speeded Same/Different judgments of emotional content for all upright (U) or inverted (I) pairs of FEs, presented for 500 ms, 100 times each pair. Signal Detection Theory revealed the sensitivity measure d′ to be slightly but significantly higher for the upright FEs. In further analysis using multidimensional scaling (MDS), percentages of Same judgments were taken as an index of pairwise perceptual similarity, separately for U and I presentation mode. The outcome was a 4D “emotion expression space,” with FEs represented as points and the dimensions identified as Happy–Sad, Surprise/Fear, Disgust, and Anger. The solutions for U and I FEs were compared by means of cophenetic and canonical correlation, Procrustes analysis, and weighted-Euclidean analysis of individual differences. Differences in discrimination produced by inverting FE stimuli were found to be small and manifested as minor changes in the MDS structure or weights of the dimensions. Solutions differed substantially more between the two posers, however. Notably, for stimuli containing elements of Happiness (whether U or I), the MDS structure showed signs of implicit categorization, indicating that mouth curvature – the dominant feature conveying Happiness – is visually salient and receives early processing. The findings suggest that for briefly presented FEs, Same/Different decisions are dominated by low-level visual analysis of abstract patterns of lightness and edge filters, but also reflect emerging featural analysis. These analyses, insensitive to face orientation, enable initial positive/negative Valence categorization of FEs.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3572503
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2013
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-35725032013-02-15 Processing Facial Expressions of Emotion: Upright vs. Inverted Images Bimler, David L. Skwarek, Slawomir J. Paramei, Galina V. Front Psychol Psychology We studied discrimination of briefly presented upright vs. inverted emotional facial expressions (FEs), hypothesizing that inversion would impair emotion decoding by disrupting holistic FE processing. Stimuli were photographs of seven emotion prototypes, of a male and female poser (Ekman and Friesen, 1976), and eight intermediate morphs in each set. Subjects made speeded Same/Different judgments of emotional content for all upright (U) or inverted (I) pairs of FEs, presented for 500 ms, 100 times each pair. Signal Detection Theory revealed the sensitivity measure d′ to be slightly but significantly higher for the upright FEs. In further analysis using multidimensional scaling (MDS), percentages of Same judgments were taken as an index of pairwise perceptual similarity, separately for U and I presentation mode. The outcome was a 4D “emotion expression space,” with FEs represented as points and the dimensions identified as Happy–Sad, Surprise/Fear, Disgust, and Anger. The solutions for U and I FEs were compared by means of cophenetic and canonical correlation, Procrustes analysis, and weighted-Euclidean analysis of individual differences. Differences in discrimination produced by inverting FE stimuli were found to be small and manifested as minor changes in the MDS structure or weights of the dimensions. Solutions differed substantially more between the two posers, however. Notably, for stimuli containing elements of Happiness (whether U or I), the MDS structure showed signs of implicit categorization, indicating that mouth curvature – the dominant feature conveying Happiness – is visually salient and receives early processing. The findings suggest that for briefly presented FEs, Same/Different decisions are dominated by low-level visual analysis of abstract patterns of lightness and edge filters, but also reflect emerging featural analysis. These analyses, insensitive to face orientation, enable initial positive/negative Valence categorization of FEs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3572503/ /pubmed/23420686 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00054 Text en Copyright © 2013 Bimler, Skwarek and Paramei. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
spellingShingle Psychology
Bimler, David L.
Skwarek, Slawomir J.
Paramei, Galina V.
Processing Facial Expressions of Emotion: Upright vs. Inverted Images
title Processing Facial Expressions of Emotion: Upright vs. Inverted Images
title_full Processing Facial Expressions of Emotion: Upright vs. Inverted Images
title_fullStr Processing Facial Expressions of Emotion: Upright vs. Inverted Images
title_full_unstemmed Processing Facial Expressions of Emotion: Upright vs. Inverted Images
title_short Processing Facial Expressions of Emotion: Upright vs. Inverted Images
title_sort processing facial expressions of emotion: upright vs. inverted images
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572503/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23420686
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00054
work_keys_str_mv AT bimlerdavidl processingfacialexpressionsofemotionuprightvsinvertedimages
AT skwarekslawomirj processingfacialexpressionsofemotionuprightvsinvertedimages
AT parameigalinav processingfacialexpressionsofemotionuprightvsinvertedimages