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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anopheles aquasalis Response to Plasmodium vivax Infection

Malaria affects millions of people worldwide and hundreds of thousands of people each year in Brazil. The mosquito Anopheles aquasalis is an important vector of Plasmodium vivax, the main human malaria parasite in the Americas. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to have a role in insect i...

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Autores principales: Bahia, Ana C., Oliveira, José Henrique M., Kubota, Marina S., Araújo, Helena R. C., Lima, José B. P., Ríos-Velásquez, Claudia Maria, Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius G., Oliveira, Pedro L., Traub-Csekö, Yara M., Pimenta, Paulo F. P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575503/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441231
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057014
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author Bahia, Ana C.
Oliveira, José Henrique M.
Kubota, Marina S.
Araújo, Helena R. C.
Lima, José B. P.
Ríos-Velásquez, Claudia Maria
Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius G.
Oliveira, Pedro L.
Traub-Csekö, Yara M.
Pimenta, Paulo F. P.
author_facet Bahia, Ana C.
Oliveira, José Henrique M.
Kubota, Marina S.
Araújo, Helena R. C.
Lima, José B. P.
Ríos-Velásquez, Claudia Maria
Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius G.
Oliveira, Pedro L.
Traub-Csekö, Yara M.
Pimenta, Paulo F. P.
author_sort Bahia, Ana C.
collection PubMed
description Malaria affects millions of people worldwide and hundreds of thousands of people each year in Brazil. The mosquito Anopheles aquasalis is an important vector of Plasmodium vivax, the main human malaria parasite in the Americas. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to have a role in insect innate immune responses as a potent pathogen-killing agent. We investigated the mechanisms of free radicals modulation after A. aquasalis infection with P. vivax. ROS metabolism was evaluated in the vector by studying expression and activity of three key detoxification enzymes, one catalase and two superoxide dismutases (SOD3A and SOD3B). Also, the involvement of free radicals in the mosquito immunity was measured by silencing the catalase gene followed by infection of A. aquasalis with P. vivax. Catalase, SOD3A and SOD3B expression in whole A. aquasalis were at the same levels of controls at 24 h and upregulated 36 h after ingestion of blood containing P. vivax. However, in the insect isolated midgut, the mRNA for these enzymes was not regulated by P. vivax infection, while catalase activity was reduced 24 h after the infectious meal. RNAi-mediated silencing of catalase reduced enzyme activity in the midgut, resulted in increased P. vivax infection and prevalence, and decreased bacterial load in the mosquito midgut. Our findings suggest that the interactions between A. aquasalis and P. vivax do not follow the model of ROS-induced parasite killing. It appears that P. vivax manipulates the mosquito detoxification system in order to allow its own development. This can be an indirect effect of fewer competitive bacteria present in the mosquito midgut caused by the increase of ROS after catalase silencing. These findings provide novel information on unique aspects of the main malaria parasite in the Americas interaction with one of its natural vectors.
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spelling pubmed-35755032013-02-25 The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anopheles aquasalis Response to Plasmodium vivax Infection Bahia, Ana C. Oliveira, José Henrique M. Kubota, Marina S. Araújo, Helena R. C. Lima, José B. P. Ríos-Velásquez, Claudia Maria Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius G. Oliveira, Pedro L. Traub-Csekö, Yara M. Pimenta, Paulo F. P. PLoS One Research Article Malaria affects millions of people worldwide and hundreds of thousands of people each year in Brazil. The mosquito Anopheles aquasalis is an important vector of Plasmodium vivax, the main human malaria parasite in the Americas. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to have a role in insect innate immune responses as a potent pathogen-killing agent. We investigated the mechanisms of free radicals modulation after A. aquasalis infection with P. vivax. ROS metabolism was evaluated in the vector by studying expression and activity of three key detoxification enzymes, one catalase and two superoxide dismutases (SOD3A and SOD3B). Also, the involvement of free radicals in the mosquito immunity was measured by silencing the catalase gene followed by infection of A. aquasalis with P. vivax. Catalase, SOD3A and SOD3B expression in whole A. aquasalis were at the same levels of controls at 24 h and upregulated 36 h after ingestion of blood containing P. vivax. However, in the insect isolated midgut, the mRNA for these enzymes was not regulated by P. vivax infection, while catalase activity was reduced 24 h after the infectious meal. RNAi-mediated silencing of catalase reduced enzyme activity in the midgut, resulted in increased P. vivax infection and prevalence, and decreased bacterial load in the mosquito midgut. Our findings suggest that the interactions between A. aquasalis and P. vivax do not follow the model of ROS-induced parasite killing. It appears that P. vivax manipulates the mosquito detoxification system in order to allow its own development. This can be an indirect effect of fewer competitive bacteria present in the mosquito midgut caused by the increase of ROS after catalase silencing. These findings provide novel information on unique aspects of the main malaria parasite in the Americas interaction with one of its natural vectors. Public Library of Science 2013-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3575503/ /pubmed/23441231 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057014 Text en © 2013 Bahia et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bahia, Ana C.
Oliveira, José Henrique M.
Kubota, Marina S.
Araújo, Helena R. C.
Lima, José B. P.
Ríos-Velásquez, Claudia Maria
Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius G.
Oliveira, Pedro L.
Traub-Csekö, Yara M.
Pimenta, Paulo F. P.
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anopheles aquasalis Response to Plasmodium vivax Infection
title The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anopheles aquasalis Response to Plasmodium vivax Infection
title_full The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anopheles aquasalis Response to Plasmodium vivax Infection
title_fullStr The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anopheles aquasalis Response to Plasmodium vivax Infection
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anopheles aquasalis Response to Plasmodium vivax Infection
title_short The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anopheles aquasalis Response to Plasmodium vivax Infection
title_sort role of reactive oxygen species in anopheles aquasalis response to plasmodium vivax infection
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575503/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441231
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057014
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