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Coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review

The bacterium Coxiella burnetii has been detected in the fetal membranes, birth fluids and vaginal mucus, as well as in the milk and other excretions of several domestic mammals. The finding of C. burnetii in association with abortion, parturition and in the postpartum period has led to the hypothes...

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Autor principal: Agerholm, Jørgen S
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3577508/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419216
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-55-13
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author Agerholm, Jørgen S
author_facet Agerholm, Jørgen S
author_sort Agerholm, Jørgen S
collection PubMed
description The bacterium Coxiella burnetii has been detected in the fetal membranes, birth fluids and vaginal mucus, as well as in the milk and other excretions of several domestic mammals. The finding of C. burnetii in association with abortion, parturition and in the postpartum period has led to the hypothesis that C. burnetii causes a range of reproductive diseases. This review critically evaluates the scientific basis for this hypothesis in domestic mammals. The review demonstrates a solid evidence for the association between C. burnetii infection and sporadic cases of abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth and weak offspring in cattle, sheep and goats. C. burnetii induced in-herd epidemics of this complete expression of reproductive failure have been reported for sheep and goats, but not for cattle. The single entities occur only as part of the complex and not as single events such as generally increased stillbirth rate. Studies show that C. burnetii initially infects the placenta and that subsequent spread to the fetus may occur either haematogenous or by the amniotic-oral route. The consequences for the equine, porcine, canine and feline conceptus remains to the elucidated but that infection of the conceptus may occur is documented for most species. There is no solid evidence to support a hypothesis of C. burnetii causing disorders such as subfertility, endometritis/metritis, or retained fetal membranes in any kind of domestic animal species. There is a strong need to validate non-pathology based methods such as polymerase chain reaction for their use in diagnostic and research in relation to establishing C. burnetii as the cause of abortion and to adapt an appropriate study design and include adequate control animals when linking epidemiological findings to C. burnetii or when evaluating effects of vaccination in production herds.
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spelling pubmed-35775082013-02-21 Coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review Agerholm, Jørgen S Acta Vet Scand Review The bacterium Coxiella burnetii has been detected in the fetal membranes, birth fluids and vaginal mucus, as well as in the milk and other excretions of several domestic mammals. The finding of C. burnetii in association with abortion, parturition and in the postpartum period has led to the hypothesis that C. burnetii causes a range of reproductive diseases. This review critically evaluates the scientific basis for this hypothesis in domestic mammals. The review demonstrates a solid evidence for the association between C. burnetii infection and sporadic cases of abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth and weak offspring in cattle, sheep and goats. C. burnetii induced in-herd epidemics of this complete expression of reproductive failure have been reported for sheep and goats, but not for cattle. The single entities occur only as part of the complex and not as single events such as generally increased stillbirth rate. Studies show that C. burnetii initially infects the placenta and that subsequent spread to the fetus may occur either haematogenous or by the amniotic-oral route. The consequences for the equine, porcine, canine and feline conceptus remains to the elucidated but that infection of the conceptus may occur is documented for most species. There is no solid evidence to support a hypothesis of C. burnetii causing disorders such as subfertility, endometritis/metritis, or retained fetal membranes in any kind of domestic animal species. There is a strong need to validate non-pathology based methods such as polymerase chain reaction for their use in diagnostic and research in relation to establishing C. burnetii as the cause of abortion and to adapt an appropriate study design and include adequate control animals when linking epidemiological findings to C. burnetii or when evaluating effects of vaccination in production herds. BioMed Central 2013-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3577508/ /pubmed/23419216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-55-13 Text en Copyright ©2013 Agerholm; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Agerholm, Jørgen S
Coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review
title Coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review
title_full Coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review
title_fullStr Coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review
title_full_unstemmed Coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review
title_short Coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review
title_sort coxiella burnetii associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3577508/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419216
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-55-13
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