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Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network

Phenotypic plasticity can increase tolerance to heterogeneous environments but the elevations and slopes of reaction norms are often population specific. Disruption of locally adapted reaction norms through outcrossing can lower individual viability. Here, we sampled five genetically distinct popula...

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Autores principales: Clark, Emily S., Stelkens, Rike B., Wedekind, Claus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3579773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23451273
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057832
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author Clark, Emily S.
Stelkens, Rike B.
Wedekind, Claus
author_facet Clark, Emily S.
Stelkens, Rike B.
Wedekind, Claus
author_sort Clark, Emily S.
collection PubMed
description Phenotypic plasticity can increase tolerance to heterogeneous environments but the elevations and slopes of reaction norms are often population specific. Disruption of locally adapted reaction norms through outcrossing can lower individual viability. Here, we sampled five genetically distinct populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from within a river network, crossed them in a full-factorial design, and challenged the embryos with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens. By virtue of our design, we were able to disentangle effects of genetic crossing distance from sire and dam effects on early life-history traits. While pathogen infection did not increase mortality, it was associated with delayed hatching of smaller larvae with reduced yolk sac reserves. We found no evidence of a relationship between genetic distance (W, F(ST)) and the expression of early-life history traits. Moreover, hybrids did not differ in phenotypic means or reaction norms in comparison to offspring from within-population crosses. Heritable variation in early life-history traits was found to remain stable across the control and pathogen environments. Our findings show that outcrossing within a rather narrow geographical scale can have neutral effects on F(1) hybrid viability at the embryonic stage, i.e. at a stage when environmental and genetic effects on phenotypes are usually large.
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spelling pubmed-35797732013-02-28 Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network Clark, Emily S. Stelkens, Rike B. Wedekind, Claus PLoS One Research Article Phenotypic plasticity can increase tolerance to heterogeneous environments but the elevations and slopes of reaction norms are often population specific. Disruption of locally adapted reaction norms through outcrossing can lower individual viability. Here, we sampled five genetically distinct populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from within a river network, crossed them in a full-factorial design, and challenged the embryos with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens. By virtue of our design, we were able to disentangle effects of genetic crossing distance from sire and dam effects on early life-history traits. While pathogen infection did not increase mortality, it was associated with delayed hatching of smaller larvae with reduced yolk sac reserves. We found no evidence of a relationship between genetic distance (W, F(ST)) and the expression of early-life history traits. Moreover, hybrids did not differ in phenotypic means or reaction norms in comparison to offspring from within-population crosses. Heritable variation in early life-history traits was found to remain stable across the control and pathogen environments. Our findings show that outcrossing within a rather narrow geographical scale can have neutral effects on F(1) hybrid viability at the embryonic stage, i.e. at a stage when environmental and genetic effects on phenotypes are usually large. Public Library of Science 2013-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3579773/ /pubmed/23451273 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057832 Text en © 2013 Clark et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Clark, Emily S.
Stelkens, Rike B.
Wedekind, Claus
Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network
title Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network
title_full Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network
title_fullStr Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network
title_full_unstemmed Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network
title_short Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network
title_sort parental influences on pathogen resistance in brown trout embryos and effects of outcrossing within a river network
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3579773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23451273
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057832
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