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Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors
The standard reference for pathogenic and nonpathogenic amoebae is the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica; a direct correlation between virulence and protease expression has been demonstrated for this amoeba. Traditionally, proteases are considered virulence factors, including those that produce c...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3582061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23476670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/890603 |
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author | Serrano-Luna, Jesús Piña-Vázquez, Carolina Reyes-López, Magda Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo de la Garza, Mireya |
author_facet | Serrano-Luna, Jesús Piña-Vázquez, Carolina Reyes-López, Magda Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo de la Garza, Mireya |
author_sort | Serrano-Luna, Jesús |
collection | PubMed |
description | The standard reference for pathogenic and nonpathogenic amoebae is the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica; a direct correlation between virulence and protease expression has been demonstrated for this amoeba. Traditionally, proteases are considered virulence factors, including those that produce cytopathic effects in the host or that have been implicated in manipulating the immune response. Here, we expand the scope to other amoebae, including less-pathogenic Entamoeba species and highly pathogenic free-living amoebae. In this paper, proteases that affect mucin, extracellular matrix, immune system components, and diverse tissues and cells are included, based on studies in amoebic cultures and animal models. We also include proteases used by amoebae to degrade iron-containing proteins because iron scavenger capacity is currently considered a virulence factor for pathogens. In addition, proteases that have a role in adhesion and encystation, which are essential for establishing and transmitting infection, are discussed. The study of proteases and their specific inhibitors is relevant to the search for new therapeutic targets and to increase the power of drugs used to treat the diseases caused by these complex microorganisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3582061 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35820612013-03-09 Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors Serrano-Luna, Jesús Piña-Vázquez, Carolina Reyes-López, Magda Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo de la Garza, Mireya J Trop Med Review Article The standard reference for pathogenic and nonpathogenic amoebae is the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica; a direct correlation between virulence and protease expression has been demonstrated for this amoeba. Traditionally, proteases are considered virulence factors, including those that produce cytopathic effects in the host or that have been implicated in manipulating the immune response. Here, we expand the scope to other amoebae, including less-pathogenic Entamoeba species and highly pathogenic free-living amoebae. In this paper, proteases that affect mucin, extracellular matrix, immune system components, and diverse tissues and cells are included, based on studies in amoebic cultures and animal models. We also include proteases used by amoebae to degrade iron-containing proteins because iron scavenger capacity is currently considered a virulence factor for pathogens. In addition, proteases that have a role in adhesion and encystation, which are essential for establishing and transmitting infection, are discussed. The study of proteases and their specific inhibitors is relevant to the search for new therapeutic targets and to increase the power of drugs used to treat the diseases caused by these complex microorganisms. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3582061/ /pubmed/23476670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/890603 Text en Copyright © 2013 Jesús Serrano-Luna et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Serrano-Luna, Jesús Piña-Vázquez, Carolina Reyes-López, Magda Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo de la Garza, Mireya Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors |
title | Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors |
title_full | Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors |
title_fullStr | Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors |
title_full_unstemmed | Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors |
title_short | Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors |
title_sort | proteases from entamoeba spp. and pathogenic free-living amoebae as virulence factors |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3582061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23476670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/890603 |
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