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Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors

The standard reference for pathogenic and nonpathogenic amoebae is the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica; a direct correlation between virulence and protease expression has been demonstrated for this amoeba. Traditionally, proteases are considered virulence factors, including those that produce c...

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Autores principales: Serrano-Luna, Jesús, Piña-Vázquez, Carolina, Reyes-López, Magda, Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo, de la Garza, Mireya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3582061/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23476670
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/890603
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author Serrano-Luna, Jesús
Piña-Vázquez, Carolina
Reyes-López, Magda
Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo
de la Garza, Mireya
author_facet Serrano-Luna, Jesús
Piña-Vázquez, Carolina
Reyes-López, Magda
Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo
de la Garza, Mireya
author_sort Serrano-Luna, Jesús
collection PubMed
description The standard reference for pathogenic and nonpathogenic amoebae is the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica; a direct correlation between virulence and protease expression has been demonstrated for this amoeba. Traditionally, proteases are considered virulence factors, including those that produce cytopathic effects in the host or that have been implicated in manipulating the immune response. Here, we expand the scope to other amoebae, including less-pathogenic Entamoeba species and highly pathogenic free-living amoebae. In this paper, proteases that affect mucin, extracellular matrix, immune system components, and diverse tissues and cells are included, based on studies in amoebic cultures and animal models. We also include proteases used by amoebae to degrade iron-containing proteins because iron scavenger capacity is currently considered a virulence factor for pathogens. In addition, proteases that have a role in adhesion and encystation, which are essential for establishing and transmitting infection, are discussed. The study of proteases and their specific inhibitors is relevant to the search for new therapeutic targets and to increase the power of drugs used to treat the diseases caused by these complex microorganisms.
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spelling pubmed-35820612013-03-09 Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors Serrano-Luna, Jesús Piña-Vázquez, Carolina Reyes-López, Magda Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo de la Garza, Mireya J Trop Med Review Article The standard reference for pathogenic and nonpathogenic amoebae is the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica; a direct correlation between virulence and protease expression has been demonstrated for this amoeba. Traditionally, proteases are considered virulence factors, including those that produce cytopathic effects in the host or that have been implicated in manipulating the immune response. Here, we expand the scope to other amoebae, including less-pathogenic Entamoeba species and highly pathogenic free-living amoebae. In this paper, proteases that affect mucin, extracellular matrix, immune system components, and diverse tissues and cells are included, based on studies in amoebic cultures and animal models. We also include proteases used by amoebae to degrade iron-containing proteins because iron scavenger capacity is currently considered a virulence factor for pathogens. In addition, proteases that have a role in adhesion and encystation, which are essential for establishing and transmitting infection, are discussed. The study of proteases and their specific inhibitors is relevant to the search for new therapeutic targets and to increase the power of drugs used to treat the diseases caused by these complex microorganisms. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3582061/ /pubmed/23476670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/890603 Text en Copyright © 2013 Jesús Serrano-Luna et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Serrano-Luna, Jesús
Piña-Vázquez, Carolina
Reyes-López, Magda
Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo
de la Garza, Mireya
Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors
title Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors
title_full Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors
title_fullStr Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors
title_full_unstemmed Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors
title_short Proteases from Entamoeba spp. and Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae as Virulence Factors
title_sort proteases from entamoeba spp. and pathogenic free-living amoebae as virulence factors
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3582061/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23476670
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/890603
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