Cargando…
Loss of genetic variability in social spiders: genetic and phylogenetic consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding
The consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding have been studied in many organisms, particularly in plants. However, most studies focus on the short-term consequences, such as inbreeding depression. To investigate the consequences of both population fragmentation and inbreeding for geneti...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
2013
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145542 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12022 |
_version_ | 1782261509293867008 |
---|---|
author | Agnarsson, I Avilés, L Maddison, W P |
author_facet | Agnarsson, I Avilés, L Maddison, W P |
author_sort | Agnarsson, I |
collection | PubMed |
description | The consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding have been studied in many organisms, particularly in plants. However, most studies focus on the short-term consequences, such as inbreeding depression. To investigate the consequences of both population fragmentation and inbreeding for genetic variability in the longer term, we here make use of a natural inbreeding experiment in spiders, where sociality and accompanying population subdivision and inbreeding have evolved repeatedly. We use mitochondrial and nuclear data to infer phylogenetic relationships among 170 individuals of Anelosimus spiders representing 23 species. We then compare relative mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variability of the inbred social species and their outbred relatives. We focus on four independently derived social species and four subsocial species, including two outbred–inbred sister species pairs. We find that social species have 50% reduced mitochondrial sequence divergence. As inbreeding is not expected to reduce genetic variability in the maternally inherited mitochondrial genome, this suggests the loss of variation due to strong population subdivision, founder effects, small effective population sizes (colonies as individuals) and lineage turnover. Social species have < 10% of the nuclear genetic variability of the outbred species, also suggesting the loss of genetic variability through founder effects and/or inbreeding. Inbred sociality hence may result in reduction in variability through various processes. Sociality in most Anelosimus species probably arose relatively recently (0.1–2 mya), with even the oldest social lineages having failed to diversify. This is consistent with the hypothesis that inbred spider sociality represents an evolutionary dead end. Heterosis underlies a species potential to respond to environmental change and/or disease. Inbreeding and loss of genetic variability may thus limit diversification in social Anelosimus lineages and similarly pose a threat to many wild populations subject to habitat fragmentation or reduced population sizes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3588177 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35881772013-03-11 Loss of genetic variability in social spiders: genetic and phylogenetic consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding Agnarsson, I Avilés, L Maddison, W P J Evol Biol Research Papers The consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding have been studied in many organisms, particularly in plants. However, most studies focus on the short-term consequences, such as inbreeding depression. To investigate the consequences of both population fragmentation and inbreeding for genetic variability in the longer term, we here make use of a natural inbreeding experiment in spiders, where sociality and accompanying population subdivision and inbreeding have evolved repeatedly. We use mitochondrial and nuclear data to infer phylogenetic relationships among 170 individuals of Anelosimus spiders representing 23 species. We then compare relative mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variability of the inbred social species and their outbred relatives. We focus on four independently derived social species and four subsocial species, including two outbred–inbred sister species pairs. We find that social species have 50% reduced mitochondrial sequence divergence. As inbreeding is not expected to reduce genetic variability in the maternally inherited mitochondrial genome, this suggests the loss of variation due to strong population subdivision, founder effects, small effective population sizes (colonies as individuals) and lineage turnover. Social species have < 10% of the nuclear genetic variability of the outbred species, also suggesting the loss of genetic variability through founder effects and/or inbreeding. Inbred sociality hence may result in reduction in variability through various processes. Sociality in most Anelosimus species probably arose relatively recently (0.1–2 mya), with even the oldest social lineages having failed to diversify. This is consistent with the hypothesis that inbred spider sociality represents an evolutionary dead end. Heterosis underlies a species potential to respond to environmental change and/or disease. Inbreeding and loss of genetic variability may thus limit diversification in social Anelosimus lineages and similarly pose a threat to many wild populations subject to habitat fragmentation or reduced population sizes. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013-01 2012-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3588177/ /pubmed/23145542 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12022 Text en Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2013 European Society For Evolutionary Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation. |
spellingShingle | Research Papers Agnarsson, I Avilés, L Maddison, W P Loss of genetic variability in social spiders: genetic and phylogenetic consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding |
title | Loss of genetic variability in social spiders: genetic and phylogenetic consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding |
title_full | Loss of genetic variability in social spiders: genetic and phylogenetic consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding |
title_fullStr | Loss of genetic variability in social spiders: genetic and phylogenetic consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding |
title_full_unstemmed | Loss of genetic variability in social spiders: genetic and phylogenetic consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding |
title_short | Loss of genetic variability in social spiders: genetic and phylogenetic consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding |
title_sort | loss of genetic variability in social spiders: genetic and phylogenetic consequences of population subdivision and inbreeding |
topic | Research Papers |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145542 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12022 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT agnarssoni lossofgeneticvariabilityinsocialspidersgeneticandphylogeneticconsequencesofpopulationsubdivisionandinbreeding AT avilesl lossofgeneticvariabilityinsocialspidersgeneticandphylogeneticconsequencesofpopulationsubdivisionandinbreeding AT maddisonwp lossofgeneticvariabilityinsocialspidersgeneticandphylogeneticconsequencesofpopulationsubdivisionandinbreeding |