Effect of Horizontal Rectus Surgery on Clinical and Paraclinical Indices in Congenital Nystagmus

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of horizontal rectus muscle surgery on visual acuity, head posture and electronystagmographic indices in patients with congenital nystagmus. METHODS: This prospective comparative case series was conducted on 58 patients with congenital nystagmus over a period of three years. Patients were divided into three groups: the first group (29 cases) had head posture less than 20°, binocular visual acuity (BOVA) less than 20/30 and tropia less than 30Δ and underwent large recession of all four horizontal rectus muscles; the second group (23 cases) had head posture less than 20°, BOVA< 20/30 and tropia more than 30Δ who underwent large recession of two horizontal rectus muscles; and the third group (6 cases) had head posture more than 20° with any BOVA or tropia who underwent Kestenbaum-Anderson surgery. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 18.7±9.1 years and mean follow-up period was 17.5±7.4 months. Visual acuity improved in all three study groups and was statistically significant in the 2-rectus group (P<0.001). The speed and amplitude of nystagmus waves decreased in all groups which was statistically significant in the 4-rectus group (P values, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). A small myopic shift was seen in the 2-rectus and 4-rectus groups and a small hyperopic shift was found in the Kestenbaum-Anderson group. Statistically significant improvement was achieved in eye deviation in the 2-rectus group and in head posture in the Kestenbaum-Anderson group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Horizontal recti surgery in congenital nystagmus can improve visual acuity, ocular deviation and abnormal head posture, which is particularly marked with 2-rectus recession. Electronystagmographic indices improve especially with 4-rectus recession.