Modeling Calcium Wave Based on Anomalous Subdiffusion of Calcium Sparks in Cardiac Myocytes

[Image: see text] sparks and [Image: see text] waves play important roles in calcium release and calcium propagation during the excitation-contraction (EC) coupling process in cardiac myocytes. Although the classical Fick’s law is widely used to model [Image: see text] sparks and [Image: see text] waves in cardiac myocytes, it fails to reasonably explain the full-width at half maximum(FWHM) paradox. However, the anomalous subdiffusion model successfully reproduces [Image: see text] sparks of experimental results. In this paper, in the light of anomalous subdiffusion of [Image: see text] sparks, we develop a mathematical model of calcium wave in cardiac myocytes by using stochastic [Image: see text] release of [Image: see text] release units (CRUs). Our model successfully reproduces calcium waves with physiological parameters. The results reveal how [Image: see text] concentration waves propagate from an initial firing of one CRU at a corner or in the middle of considered region, answer how large in magnitude of an anomalous [Image: see text] spark can induce a [Image: see text] wave. With physiological [Image: see text] currents (2pA) through CRUs, it is shown that an initial firing of four adjacent CRUs can form a [Image: see text] wave. Furthermore, the phenomenon of calcium waves collision is also investigated.