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Oxygen Mask Related Nasal Integument and Osteocartilagenous Disorders in F-16 Fighter Pilots
BACKGROUND: A preliminary survey showed half of the participating Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) F-16 fighter pilots to have nasal integument and osteocartilagenous disorders related to wearing in-flight oxygen masks. AIM: To make an inventory of these disorders and possible associated factors....
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3591424/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505413 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056251 |
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author | Schreinemakers, J. Rieneke C. Westers, Paul van Amerongen, Pieter Kon, Moshe |
author_facet | Schreinemakers, J. Rieneke C. Westers, Paul van Amerongen, Pieter Kon, Moshe |
author_sort | Schreinemakers, J. Rieneke C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: A preliminary survey showed half of the participating Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) F-16 fighter pilots to have nasal integument and osteocartilagenous disorders related to wearing in-flight oxygen masks. AIM: To make an inventory of these disorders and possible associated factors. METHODS: All RNLAF F-16 pilots were requested to fill out a semi-structured questionnaire for a cross-sectional survey. Additionally, one squadron in The Netherlands and pilots in operational theater were asked to participate in a prospective study that required filling out a pain score after each flight. Pilot- and flight-related variables on all participants were collected from the RNLAF database. A linear mixed model was built to identify associated factors with the post-flight pain score. RESULTS: The response rate to the survey was 83%. Ninety of the 108 participants (88%, 6 missing) reported tenderness, irritation, pain, erythema, skin lesions, callous skin, or swelling of nasal bridge integument or architecture. Seventy-two participants (71%, 6 missing) reported their symptoms to be troublesome after a mean of 6±3 out of 10 flights (0;10, 54 missing). Sixty-six pilots participated in scoring post-flight pain. Pain scores were significantly higher if a participant had ≥3 nasal disorders, after longer than average flights, after flying abroad, and after flying with night vision goggles (respectively +2.7 points, p = 0.003; +0.2 points, p = 0.027; +1.8 points, p = 0.001; +1.2 points p = 0.005). Longer than average NVG flights and more than average NVG hours per annum decreased painscores (respectively −0.8 points, p = 0.017; −0.04 points, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the RNLAF F-16 fighter pilot community has nasal disorders in the contact area of the oxygen mask, including pain. Six pilot- or flight-related characteristics influence the experienced level of pain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3591424 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35914242013-03-15 Oxygen Mask Related Nasal Integument and Osteocartilagenous Disorders in F-16 Fighter Pilots Schreinemakers, J. Rieneke C. Westers, Paul van Amerongen, Pieter Kon, Moshe PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: A preliminary survey showed half of the participating Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) F-16 fighter pilots to have nasal integument and osteocartilagenous disorders related to wearing in-flight oxygen masks. AIM: To make an inventory of these disorders and possible associated factors. METHODS: All RNLAF F-16 pilots were requested to fill out a semi-structured questionnaire for a cross-sectional survey. Additionally, one squadron in The Netherlands and pilots in operational theater were asked to participate in a prospective study that required filling out a pain score after each flight. Pilot- and flight-related variables on all participants were collected from the RNLAF database. A linear mixed model was built to identify associated factors with the post-flight pain score. RESULTS: The response rate to the survey was 83%. Ninety of the 108 participants (88%, 6 missing) reported tenderness, irritation, pain, erythema, skin lesions, callous skin, or swelling of nasal bridge integument or architecture. Seventy-two participants (71%, 6 missing) reported their symptoms to be troublesome after a mean of 6±3 out of 10 flights (0;10, 54 missing). Sixty-six pilots participated in scoring post-flight pain. Pain scores were significantly higher if a participant had ≥3 nasal disorders, after longer than average flights, after flying abroad, and after flying with night vision goggles (respectively +2.7 points, p = 0.003; +0.2 points, p = 0.027; +1.8 points, p = 0.001; +1.2 points p = 0.005). Longer than average NVG flights and more than average NVG hours per annum decreased painscores (respectively −0.8 points, p = 0.017; −0.04 points, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the RNLAF F-16 fighter pilot community has nasal disorders in the contact area of the oxygen mask, including pain. Six pilot- or flight-related characteristics influence the experienced level of pain. Public Library of Science 2013-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3591424/ /pubmed/23505413 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056251 Text en © 2013 Schreinemakers et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Schreinemakers, J. Rieneke C. Westers, Paul van Amerongen, Pieter Kon, Moshe Oxygen Mask Related Nasal Integument and Osteocartilagenous Disorders in F-16 Fighter Pilots |
title | Oxygen Mask Related Nasal Integument and Osteocartilagenous Disorders in F-16 Fighter Pilots |
title_full | Oxygen Mask Related Nasal Integument and Osteocartilagenous Disorders in F-16 Fighter Pilots |
title_fullStr | Oxygen Mask Related Nasal Integument and Osteocartilagenous Disorders in F-16 Fighter Pilots |
title_full_unstemmed | Oxygen Mask Related Nasal Integument and Osteocartilagenous Disorders in F-16 Fighter Pilots |
title_short | Oxygen Mask Related Nasal Integument and Osteocartilagenous Disorders in F-16 Fighter Pilots |
title_sort | oxygen mask related nasal integument and osteocartilagenous disorders in f-16 fighter pilots |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3591424/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505413 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056251 |
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