Trichomoniasis: An update

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with a prevalence of 5–75%. In India, trichomoniasis accounts for 2–7% of all STIs. Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis is known to cause vaginitis. Significant association has also been noted between trichomoniasis and cervical cancer, atypical pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, low birth weight, and respiratory-tract infection in neonates. Of interest are the recent documentations of association of this parasite with human immunodeficiency virus. Use of fluorescent dyes such as acridine orange has increased the sensitivity of the direct microscopy. Culture has been found to be more sensitive than the direct microscopy but has its own limitations. Antigen detection systems have hastened the proce ss of diagnosis tremendously. Molecular methods have been found to be very sensitive and specific. Once the presence of T. vaginalis has been documented, other STIs should also be actively looked for in that particular individual. Therapy should involve both the partners for proper control and eradication of the disease.