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Emerging protozoal pathogens in India: How prepared are we to face the threat?
Emerging protozoal pathogens have become a major threat to human health. The number of protozoal pathogens causing human disease has been on the rise since the last two to three decades. Significant increase in the number of immunocompromised people, increase in international travel, deforestation,...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2012
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23508066 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.97233 |
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author | Parija, Subhash Chandra Giri, Sidhartha |
author_facet | Parija, Subhash Chandra Giri, Sidhartha |
author_sort | Parija, Subhash Chandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Emerging protozoal pathogens have become a major threat to human health. The number of protozoal pathogens causing human disease has been on the rise since the last two to three decades. Significant increase in the number of immunocompromised people, increase in international travel, deforestation, and widespread urban dwellings are some of the factors contributing to this changing epidemiology of protozoal diseases. Apart from Naegleria and Acanthamoeba, other free-living amoebae like Balamuthia and Sappinia are being reported to cause meningoencephalitis in humans. Plasmodium knowlesi, a zoonotic malarial parasite, has become a major cause of human malaria in Southeast Asia. Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma lewisi, which normally infect horses and rodents respectively, have been reported to cause human trypanosomiasis in India. Balantidium coli is emerging as an important cause of dysentery especially in the immunocompromised population. In India, where a significant proportion of population lives in close proximity to cattle and pigs, B. coli can emerge as a significant pathogen in cases of dysentery, especially in the immunocompromised population. Babesia microti has become an important cause of transfusion transmitted babesiosis (TTB) in countries like the United States. As Babesia can be misdiagnosed as Plasmodium and blood transfusion is becoming common in India, it is necessary to develop diagnostic tests to rule out this pathogen in blood donors. Increased awareness among clinicians, pathologists, and microbiologists along with other factors like constant surveillance, improved diagnostic tests, and a high index of suspicion are important to detect and properly treat such emerging protozoal pathogens in humans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3593517 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35935172013-03-18 Emerging protozoal pathogens in India: How prepared are we to face the threat? Parija, Subhash Chandra Giri, Sidhartha Trop Parasitol Review Article Emerging protozoal pathogens have become a major threat to human health. The number of protozoal pathogens causing human disease has been on the rise since the last two to three decades. Significant increase in the number of immunocompromised people, increase in international travel, deforestation, and widespread urban dwellings are some of the factors contributing to this changing epidemiology of protozoal diseases. Apart from Naegleria and Acanthamoeba, other free-living amoebae like Balamuthia and Sappinia are being reported to cause meningoencephalitis in humans. Plasmodium knowlesi, a zoonotic malarial parasite, has become a major cause of human malaria in Southeast Asia. Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma lewisi, which normally infect horses and rodents respectively, have been reported to cause human trypanosomiasis in India. Balantidium coli is emerging as an important cause of dysentery especially in the immunocompromised population. In India, where a significant proportion of population lives in close proximity to cattle and pigs, B. coli can emerge as a significant pathogen in cases of dysentery, especially in the immunocompromised population. Babesia microti has become an important cause of transfusion transmitted babesiosis (TTB) in countries like the United States. As Babesia can be misdiagnosed as Plasmodium and blood transfusion is becoming common in India, it is necessary to develop diagnostic tests to rule out this pathogen in blood donors. Increased awareness among clinicians, pathologists, and microbiologists along with other factors like constant surveillance, improved diagnostic tests, and a high index of suspicion are important to detect and properly treat such emerging protozoal pathogens in humans. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2012 /pmc/articles/PMC3593517/ /pubmed/23508066 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.97233 Text en Copyright: © Tropical Parasitology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Parija, Subhash Chandra Giri, Sidhartha Emerging protozoal pathogens in India: How prepared are we to face the threat? |
title | Emerging protozoal pathogens in India: How prepared are we to face the threat? |
title_full | Emerging protozoal pathogens in India: How prepared are we to face the threat? |
title_fullStr | Emerging protozoal pathogens in India: How prepared are we to face the threat? |
title_full_unstemmed | Emerging protozoal pathogens in India: How prepared are we to face the threat? |
title_short | Emerging protozoal pathogens in India: How prepared are we to face the threat? |
title_sort | emerging protozoal pathogens in india: how prepared are we to face the threat? |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23508066 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.97233 |
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