Cargando…
The Evolution and Diversity of SALMFamide Neuropeptides
The SALMFamides are a family of neuropeptides that act as muscle relaxants in echinoderms. Two types of SALMFamides have been identified: L-type (e.g. the starfish neuropeptides S1 and S2) with the C-terminal motif LxFamide (x is variable) and F-type with the C-terminal motif FxFamide. In the sea ur...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3594158/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23536859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059076 |
_version_ | 1782262292506738688 |
---|---|
author | Elphick, Maurice R. Achhala, Sufyan Martynyuk, Natalia |
author_facet | Elphick, Maurice R. Achhala, Sufyan Martynyuk, Natalia |
author_sort | Elphick, Maurice R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The SALMFamides are a family of neuropeptides that act as muscle relaxants in echinoderms. Two types of SALMFamides have been identified: L-type (e.g. the starfish neuropeptides S1 and S2) with the C-terminal motif LxFamide (x is variable) and F-type with the C-terminal motif FxFamide. In the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (class Echinoidea) there are two SALMFamide genes, one encoding L-type SALMFamides and a second encoding F-type SALMFamides, but hitherto it was not known if this applies to other echinoderms. Here we report the identification of SALMFamide genes in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (class Holothuroidea) and the starfish Patiria miniata (class Asteroidea). In both species there are two SALMFamide genes: one gene encoding L-type SALMFamides (e.g. S1 in P. miniata) and a second gene encoding F-type SALMFamides plus one or more L-type SALMFamides (e.g. S2-like peptide in P. miniata). Thus, the ancestry of the two SALMFamide gene types traces back to the common ancestor of echinoids, holothurians and asteroids, although it is not clear if the occurrence of L-type peptides in F-type SALMFamide precursors is an ancestral or derived character. The gene sequences also reveal a remarkable diversity of SALMFamide neuropeptides. Originally just two peptides (S1 and S2) were isolated from starfish but now we find that in P. miniata, for example, there are sixteen putative SALMFamide neuropeptides. Thus, the SALMFamides would be a good model system for experimental analysis of the physiological significance of neuropeptide “cocktails” derived from the same precursor protein. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3594158 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35941582013-03-27 The Evolution and Diversity of SALMFamide Neuropeptides Elphick, Maurice R. Achhala, Sufyan Martynyuk, Natalia PLoS One Research Article The SALMFamides are a family of neuropeptides that act as muscle relaxants in echinoderms. Two types of SALMFamides have been identified: L-type (e.g. the starfish neuropeptides S1 and S2) with the C-terminal motif LxFamide (x is variable) and F-type with the C-terminal motif FxFamide. In the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (class Echinoidea) there are two SALMFamide genes, one encoding L-type SALMFamides and a second encoding F-type SALMFamides, but hitherto it was not known if this applies to other echinoderms. Here we report the identification of SALMFamide genes in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (class Holothuroidea) and the starfish Patiria miniata (class Asteroidea). In both species there are two SALMFamide genes: one gene encoding L-type SALMFamides (e.g. S1 in P. miniata) and a second gene encoding F-type SALMFamides plus one or more L-type SALMFamides (e.g. S2-like peptide in P. miniata). Thus, the ancestry of the two SALMFamide gene types traces back to the common ancestor of echinoids, holothurians and asteroids, although it is not clear if the occurrence of L-type peptides in F-type SALMFamide precursors is an ancestral or derived character. The gene sequences also reveal a remarkable diversity of SALMFamide neuropeptides. Originally just two peptides (S1 and S2) were isolated from starfish but now we find that in P. miniata, for example, there are sixteen putative SALMFamide neuropeptides. Thus, the SALMFamides would be a good model system for experimental analysis of the physiological significance of neuropeptide “cocktails” derived from the same precursor protein. Public Library of Science 2013-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3594158/ /pubmed/23536859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059076 Text en © 2013 Elphick et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Elphick, Maurice R. Achhala, Sufyan Martynyuk, Natalia The Evolution and Diversity of SALMFamide Neuropeptides |
title | The Evolution and Diversity of SALMFamide Neuropeptides |
title_full | The Evolution and Diversity of SALMFamide Neuropeptides |
title_fullStr | The Evolution and Diversity of SALMFamide Neuropeptides |
title_full_unstemmed | The Evolution and Diversity of SALMFamide Neuropeptides |
title_short | The Evolution and Diversity of SALMFamide Neuropeptides |
title_sort | evolution and diversity of salmfamide neuropeptides |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3594158/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23536859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059076 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT elphickmauricer theevolutionanddiversityofsalmfamideneuropeptides AT achhalasufyan theevolutionanddiversityofsalmfamideneuropeptides AT martynyuknatalia theevolutionanddiversityofsalmfamideneuropeptides AT elphickmauricer evolutionanddiversityofsalmfamideneuropeptides AT achhalasufyan evolutionanddiversityofsalmfamideneuropeptides AT martynyuknatalia evolutionanddiversityofsalmfamideneuropeptides |