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Loss to Follow-Up as a Competing Risk in an Observational Study of HIV-1 Incidence
OBJECTIVE: Conventional survival estimates may be biased if loss to follow-up (LTF) is associated with the outcome of interest. Our goal was to assess whether the association between sexual risk behavior and HIV-1 acquisition changed after accounting for LTF with competing risks regression. METHODS:...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3595247/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555041 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059480 |
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author | Graham, Susan M. Raboud, Janet McClelland, R. Scott Jaoko, Walter Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah Mandaliya, Kishor Overbaugh, Julie Bayoumi, Ahmed M. |
author_facet | Graham, Susan M. Raboud, Janet McClelland, R. Scott Jaoko, Walter Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah Mandaliya, Kishor Overbaugh, Julie Bayoumi, Ahmed M. |
author_sort | Graham, Susan M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Conventional survival estimates may be biased if loss to follow-up (LTF) is associated with the outcome of interest. Our goal was to assess whether the association between sexual risk behavior and HIV-1 acquisition changed after accounting for LTF with competing risks regression. METHODS: HIV-1-seronegative women who enrolled in a Kenyan sex worker cohort from 1993–2007 were followed prospectively and tested for HIV at monthly clinic visits. Our primary predictor was self-reported sexual risk behavior in the past week, analyzed as a time-dependent covariate. Outcomes included HIV-1 acquisition and LTF. We analyzed the data using Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risks regression, in which LTF was treated as a competing event. RESULTS: A total of 1,513 women contributed 4,150 person-years (py), during which 198 (13.1%) acquired HIV-1 infection (incidence, 4.5 per 100 py) and 969 (64.0%) were LTF (incidence, 23.4 per 100 py). After adjusting for potential confounders, women reporting unprotected sex with multiple partners were less likely to be lost to follow-up (adjusted sub-hazard ratio (aSHR) 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–0.76, relative to no sexual activity). The risk of HIV-1 acquisition after reporting unprotected sex with multiple partners was similar with Cox regression (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.41, 95% CI 1.36–4.27) and competing risks regression (aSHR 2.47, 95% CI 1.33–4.58). CONCLUSIONS: Unprotected sex with multiple partners was associated with higher HIV-1 acquisition risk, but lower attrition. This differential attrition did not substantially bias Cox regression estimates when compared to competing risks regression results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3595247 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35952472013-04-02 Loss to Follow-Up as a Competing Risk in an Observational Study of HIV-1 Incidence Graham, Susan M. Raboud, Janet McClelland, R. Scott Jaoko, Walter Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah Mandaliya, Kishor Overbaugh, Julie Bayoumi, Ahmed M. PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: Conventional survival estimates may be biased if loss to follow-up (LTF) is associated with the outcome of interest. Our goal was to assess whether the association between sexual risk behavior and HIV-1 acquisition changed after accounting for LTF with competing risks regression. METHODS: HIV-1-seronegative women who enrolled in a Kenyan sex worker cohort from 1993–2007 were followed prospectively and tested for HIV at monthly clinic visits. Our primary predictor was self-reported sexual risk behavior in the past week, analyzed as a time-dependent covariate. Outcomes included HIV-1 acquisition and LTF. We analyzed the data using Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risks regression, in which LTF was treated as a competing event. RESULTS: A total of 1,513 women contributed 4,150 person-years (py), during which 198 (13.1%) acquired HIV-1 infection (incidence, 4.5 per 100 py) and 969 (64.0%) were LTF (incidence, 23.4 per 100 py). After adjusting for potential confounders, women reporting unprotected sex with multiple partners were less likely to be lost to follow-up (adjusted sub-hazard ratio (aSHR) 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–0.76, relative to no sexual activity). The risk of HIV-1 acquisition after reporting unprotected sex with multiple partners was similar with Cox regression (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.41, 95% CI 1.36–4.27) and competing risks regression (aSHR 2.47, 95% CI 1.33–4.58). CONCLUSIONS: Unprotected sex with multiple partners was associated with higher HIV-1 acquisition risk, but lower attrition. This differential attrition did not substantially bias Cox regression estimates when compared to competing risks regression results. Public Library of Science 2013-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3595247/ /pubmed/23555041 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059480 Text en © 2013 Graham et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Graham, Susan M. Raboud, Janet McClelland, R. Scott Jaoko, Walter Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah Mandaliya, Kishor Overbaugh, Julie Bayoumi, Ahmed M. Loss to Follow-Up as a Competing Risk in an Observational Study of HIV-1 Incidence |
title | Loss to Follow-Up as a Competing Risk in an Observational Study of HIV-1 Incidence |
title_full | Loss to Follow-Up as a Competing Risk in an Observational Study of HIV-1 Incidence |
title_fullStr | Loss to Follow-Up as a Competing Risk in an Observational Study of HIV-1 Incidence |
title_full_unstemmed | Loss to Follow-Up as a Competing Risk in an Observational Study of HIV-1 Incidence |
title_short | Loss to Follow-Up as a Competing Risk in an Observational Study of HIV-1 Incidence |
title_sort | loss to follow-up as a competing risk in an observational study of hiv-1 incidence |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3595247/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555041 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059480 |
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