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Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity
The two principal antibody classes present in saliva are secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG; the former is produced as dimeric IgA by local plasma cells (PCs) in the stroma of salivary glands and is transported through secretory epithelia by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also named membrane secretory...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Co-Action Publishing
2013
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3595421/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23487566 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v5i0.20401 |
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author | Brandtzaeg, Per |
author_facet | Brandtzaeg, Per |
author_sort | Brandtzaeg, Per |
collection | PubMed |
description | The two principal antibody classes present in saliva are secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG; the former is produced as dimeric IgA by local plasma cells (PCs) in the stroma of salivary glands and is transported through secretory epithelia by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also named membrane secretory component (SC). Most IgG in saliva is derived from the blood circulation by passive leakage mainly via gingival crevicular epithelium, although some may be locally produced in the gingiva or salivary glands. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) do not contribute equally to the pool of memory/effector B cells differentiating to mucosal PCs throughout the body. Thus, enteric immunostimulation may not be the best way to activate the production of salivary IgA antibodies although the level of specific SIgA in saliva may still reflect an intestinal immune response after enteric immunization. It remains unknown whether the IgA response in submandibular/sublingual glands is better related to B-cell induction in GALT than the parotid response. Such disparity is suggested by the levels of IgA in submandibular secretions of AIDS patients, paralleling their highly upregulated intestinal IgA system, while the parotid IgA level is decreased. Parotid SIgA could more consistently be linked to immune induction in palatine tonsils/adenoids (human NALT) and cervical lymph nodes, as supported by the homing molecule profile observed after immune induction at these sites. Several other variables influence the levels of antibodies in salivary secretions. These include difficulties with reproducibility and standardization of immunoassays, the impact of flow rate, acute or chronic stress, protein loss during sample handling, and uncontrolled admixture of serum-derived IgG and monomeric IgA. Despite these problems, saliva is an easily accessible biological fluid with interesting scientific and clinical potentials. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3595421 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Co-Action Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35954212013-03-13 Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity Brandtzaeg, Per J Oral Microbiol Review Article The two principal antibody classes present in saliva are secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG; the former is produced as dimeric IgA by local plasma cells (PCs) in the stroma of salivary glands and is transported through secretory epithelia by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also named membrane secretory component (SC). Most IgG in saliva is derived from the blood circulation by passive leakage mainly via gingival crevicular epithelium, although some may be locally produced in the gingiva or salivary glands. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) do not contribute equally to the pool of memory/effector B cells differentiating to mucosal PCs throughout the body. Thus, enteric immunostimulation may not be the best way to activate the production of salivary IgA antibodies although the level of specific SIgA in saliva may still reflect an intestinal immune response after enteric immunization. It remains unknown whether the IgA response in submandibular/sublingual glands is better related to B-cell induction in GALT than the parotid response. Such disparity is suggested by the levels of IgA in submandibular secretions of AIDS patients, paralleling their highly upregulated intestinal IgA system, while the parotid IgA level is decreased. Parotid SIgA could more consistently be linked to immune induction in palatine tonsils/adenoids (human NALT) and cervical lymph nodes, as supported by the homing molecule profile observed after immune induction at these sites. Several other variables influence the levels of antibodies in salivary secretions. These include difficulties with reproducibility and standardization of immunoassays, the impact of flow rate, acute or chronic stress, protein loss during sample handling, and uncontrolled admixture of serum-derived IgG and monomeric IgA. Despite these problems, saliva is an easily accessible biological fluid with interesting scientific and clinical potentials. Co-Action Publishing 2013-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3595421/ /pubmed/23487566 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v5i0.20401 Text en © 2013 Per Brandtzaeg http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Brandtzaeg, Per Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity |
title | Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity |
title_full | Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity |
title_fullStr | Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity |
title_full_unstemmed | Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity |
title_short | Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity |
title_sort | secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3595421/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23487566 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v5i0.20401 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT brandtzaegper secretoryimmunitywithspecialreferencetotheoralcavity |