Dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and liver enzymes in impaired glucose tolerance and new onset untreated, type 2 diabetes Indian subjects

This cross-sectional clinic-based study assessed and compared lipid profile, presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and liver enzymes in subjects with IGT, new onset treatment naïve T2DM, and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and IGT patients have increased dyslipidemia, MetS, and alterations in liver enzymes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare lipid profile, presence of MetS, and liver enzymes in subjects with IGT, new onset treatment naïve T2DM, and NGT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional clinic-based study examined 152 IGT and 158 recently detected T2D subjects aged between 30 and 69 years, never treated with any anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, and lipid lowering drugs. One hundred and sixty age- and gender-matched controls with NGT were also selected. Anthropometry, lipid profile, dyslipidemia (ADA criteria), presence of MetS (NCEP, IDF), liver enzymes, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR and QUICKI), and β-cell function (HOMA β) were analyzed in all subjects. RESULTS: T2D and IGT subjects had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), HOMA-IR, QUICKI, fasting insulin, HOMA-β, MetS, triglyceride, LDL-C, SGPT, GGT, and lower HDL-C compared to NGT (control). High LDL-C (>100 mg/dl) was the commonest dyslipidemia followed by low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia in IGT and T2D. We found no significant differences in BMI, waist circumference, insulin resistance, total/LDL-C/HDL-C, and presence of MetS between T2D and IGT subjects. Diabetics exhibited significantly higher BP, triglyceride, SGPT, GGT, lower fasting insulin, and HOMA-β-cell function compared to IGT. CONCLUSIONS: IGT and recent onset T2D individuals had similar increased cardiovascular risk markers, liver enzymes, and prevalence of MetS. High LDL-C was the commonest dyslipidemia in IGT and T2D. T2D subjects had higher triglyceride, BP, SGPT, GGT compared to IGT.