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Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism?

Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects boys more than girls, is often associated with altered levels of monoamines (serotonin and catecholamines), especially elevated serotonin levels. The monoamines act as both neurotransmitters and signaling molecules in the gastrointestinal and immune...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Shi-Sheng, Zhou, Yi-Ming, Li, Da, Ma, Qiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603653/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23533752
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963697
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author Zhou, Shi-Sheng
Zhou, Yi-Ming
Li, Da
Ma, Qiang
author_facet Zhou, Shi-Sheng
Zhou, Yi-Ming
Li, Da
Ma, Qiang
author_sort Zhou, Shi-Sheng
collection PubMed
description Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects boys more than girls, is often associated with altered levels of monoamines (serotonin and catecholamines), especially elevated serotonin levels. The monoamines act as both neurotransmitters and signaling molecules in the gastrointestinal and immune systems. The evidence related to monoamine metabolism may be summarized as follows: (i) monoamine neurotransmitters are enzymatically degraded/inactivated by three mechanisms: oxidative deamination, methylation, and sulfation. The latter two are limited by the supply of methyl groups and sulfate, respectively. (ii) A decrease in methylation- and sulfation-mediated monoamine inactivation can be compensated by an increase in the oxidative deamination catalyzed by monoamine oxidase, an X-linked enzyme exhibiting higher activity in females than in males. (iii) Vitamins can, on one hand, facilitate the synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters and, on the other hand, inhibit their inactivation by competing for methylation and sulfation. Therefore, we postulate that excess multivitamin feeding in early infancy, which has become very popular over the past few decades, may be a potential risk factor for disturbed monoamine metabolism. In this paper, we will focus on the relationship between excess multivitamin exposure and the inactivation/degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters and its possible role in the development of autism.
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spelling pubmed-36036532013-03-26 Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism? Zhou, Shi-Sheng Zhou, Yi-Ming Li, Da Ma, Qiang Autism Res Treat Review Article Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects boys more than girls, is often associated with altered levels of monoamines (serotonin and catecholamines), especially elevated serotonin levels. The monoamines act as both neurotransmitters and signaling molecules in the gastrointestinal and immune systems. The evidence related to monoamine metabolism may be summarized as follows: (i) monoamine neurotransmitters are enzymatically degraded/inactivated by three mechanisms: oxidative deamination, methylation, and sulfation. The latter two are limited by the supply of methyl groups and sulfate, respectively. (ii) A decrease in methylation- and sulfation-mediated monoamine inactivation can be compensated by an increase in the oxidative deamination catalyzed by monoamine oxidase, an X-linked enzyme exhibiting higher activity in females than in males. (iii) Vitamins can, on one hand, facilitate the synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters and, on the other hand, inhibit their inactivation by competing for methylation and sulfation. Therefore, we postulate that excess multivitamin feeding in early infancy, which has become very popular over the past few decades, may be a potential risk factor for disturbed monoamine metabolism. In this paper, we will focus on the relationship between excess multivitamin exposure and the inactivation/degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters and its possible role in the development of autism. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3603653/ /pubmed/23533752 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963697 Text en Copyright © 2013 Shi-Sheng Zhou et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Zhou, Shi-Sheng
Zhou, Yi-Ming
Li, Da
Ma, Qiang
Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism?
title Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism?
title_full Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism?
title_fullStr Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism?
title_full_unstemmed Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism?
title_short Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism?
title_sort early infant exposure to excess multivitamin: a risk factor for autism?
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603653/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23533752
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963697
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