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Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis
BACKGROUND: Capsule and pneumolysin (PLY) are two major virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial endophthalmitis. The aim of this study is to determine whether passive immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (P...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605314/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23496928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-13-8 |
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author | Sanders, Melissa E Taylor, Sidney Tullos, Nathan Norcross, Erin W Moore, Quincy C Thompson, Hilary King, Lauren B Marquart, Mary E |
author_facet | Sanders, Melissa E Taylor, Sidney Tullos, Nathan Norcross, Erin W Moore, Quincy C Thompson, Hilary King, Lauren B Marquart, Mary E |
author_sort | Sanders, Melissa E |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Capsule and pneumolysin (PLY) are two major virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial endophthalmitis. The aim of this study is to determine whether passive immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax(®) 23; PPSV23) or PLY protects against pneumococcal endophthalmitis. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were passively immunized with antiserum to PLY, PPSV23, a mixture of PPSV23/PLY, or PBS (mock). Vitreous was infected with a clinical strain of S. pneumoniae. In a separate group of experiments, vancomycin was injected 4 hours post-infection (PI) for each passively immunized group. Severity of infection, bacterial recovery, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and percent loss of retinal function were determined. RESULTS: Passive immunization with each antiserum significantly lowered clinical severity compared to mock immunization (PPSV23 = 9.19, PPSV23/PLY = 10.45, PLY = 8.71, Mock = 16.83; P = 0.0467). A significantly higher bacterial load was recovered from the vitreous of PLY passively immunized rabbits 24 hours PI (7.87 log(10) CFU) compared to controls (7.10 log(10) CFU; P = 0.0134). Retinas from immunized rabbits were more intact. Vitreous of PLY (2.88 MPO untis/mL) and PPSV23/PLY (2.17) passively immunized rabbits had less MPO activity compared to controls (5.64; P = 0.0480), and both passive immunizations (PLY = 31.34% loss of retinal function, PPSV23/PLY = 27.44%) helped to significantly preserve retinal function compared to controls (64.58%; P = 0.0323). When vancomycin was administered 4 hours PI, all eyes were sterile at 24 hours PI. A significantly lower clinical severity was observed for rabbits administered the combination immunization (5.29) or PPSV23 (5.29) with vancomycin treatment compared to controls (17.68; P = 0.0469). CONCLUSIONS: Passive immunization with antisera to these antigens is effective in reducing clinical severity of pneumococcal endophthalmitis in rabbits. Addition of vancomycin to immunization is effective at eliminating the bacteria. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3605314 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36053142013-03-23 Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis Sanders, Melissa E Taylor, Sidney Tullos, Nathan Norcross, Erin W Moore, Quincy C Thompson, Hilary King, Lauren B Marquart, Mary E BMC Ophthalmol Research Article BACKGROUND: Capsule and pneumolysin (PLY) are two major virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial endophthalmitis. The aim of this study is to determine whether passive immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax(®) 23; PPSV23) or PLY protects against pneumococcal endophthalmitis. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were passively immunized with antiserum to PLY, PPSV23, a mixture of PPSV23/PLY, or PBS (mock). Vitreous was infected with a clinical strain of S. pneumoniae. In a separate group of experiments, vancomycin was injected 4 hours post-infection (PI) for each passively immunized group. Severity of infection, bacterial recovery, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and percent loss of retinal function were determined. RESULTS: Passive immunization with each antiserum significantly lowered clinical severity compared to mock immunization (PPSV23 = 9.19, PPSV23/PLY = 10.45, PLY = 8.71, Mock = 16.83; P = 0.0467). A significantly higher bacterial load was recovered from the vitreous of PLY passively immunized rabbits 24 hours PI (7.87 log(10) CFU) compared to controls (7.10 log(10) CFU; P = 0.0134). Retinas from immunized rabbits were more intact. Vitreous of PLY (2.88 MPO untis/mL) and PPSV23/PLY (2.17) passively immunized rabbits had less MPO activity compared to controls (5.64; P = 0.0480), and both passive immunizations (PLY = 31.34% loss of retinal function, PPSV23/PLY = 27.44%) helped to significantly preserve retinal function compared to controls (64.58%; P = 0.0323). When vancomycin was administered 4 hours PI, all eyes were sterile at 24 hours PI. A significantly lower clinical severity was observed for rabbits administered the combination immunization (5.29) or PPSV23 (5.29) with vancomycin treatment compared to controls (17.68; P = 0.0469). CONCLUSIONS: Passive immunization with antisera to these antigens is effective in reducing clinical severity of pneumococcal endophthalmitis in rabbits. Addition of vancomycin to immunization is effective at eliminating the bacteria. BioMed Central 2013-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3605314/ /pubmed/23496928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-13-8 Text en Copyright ©2013 Sanders et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Sanders, Melissa E Taylor, Sidney Tullos, Nathan Norcross, Erin W Moore, Quincy C Thompson, Hilary King, Lauren B Marquart, Mary E Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis |
title | Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis |
title_full | Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis |
title_fullStr | Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis |
title_full_unstemmed | Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis |
title_short | Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis |
title_sort | passive immunization with pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605314/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23496928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-13-8 |
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