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Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis

BACKGROUND: Capsule and pneumolysin (PLY) are two major virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial endophthalmitis. The aim of this study is to determine whether passive immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (P...

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Autores principales: Sanders, Melissa E, Taylor, Sidney, Tullos, Nathan, Norcross, Erin W, Moore, Quincy C, Thompson, Hilary, King, Lauren B, Marquart, Mary E
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605314/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23496928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-13-8
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author Sanders, Melissa E
Taylor, Sidney
Tullos, Nathan
Norcross, Erin W
Moore, Quincy C
Thompson, Hilary
King, Lauren B
Marquart, Mary E
author_facet Sanders, Melissa E
Taylor, Sidney
Tullos, Nathan
Norcross, Erin W
Moore, Quincy C
Thompson, Hilary
King, Lauren B
Marquart, Mary E
author_sort Sanders, Melissa E
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Capsule and pneumolysin (PLY) are two major virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial endophthalmitis. The aim of this study is to determine whether passive immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax(®) 23; PPSV23) or PLY protects against pneumococcal endophthalmitis. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were passively immunized with antiserum to PLY, PPSV23, a mixture of PPSV23/PLY, or PBS (mock). Vitreous was infected with a clinical strain of S. pneumoniae. In a separate group of experiments, vancomycin was injected 4 hours post-infection (PI) for each passively immunized group. Severity of infection, bacterial recovery, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and percent loss of retinal function were determined. RESULTS: Passive immunization with each antiserum significantly lowered clinical severity compared to mock immunization (PPSV23 = 9.19, PPSV23/PLY = 10.45, PLY = 8.71, Mock = 16.83; P = 0.0467). A significantly higher bacterial load was recovered from the vitreous of PLY passively immunized rabbits 24 hours PI (7.87 log(10) CFU) compared to controls (7.10 log(10) CFU; P = 0.0134). Retinas from immunized rabbits were more intact. Vitreous of PLY (2.88 MPO untis/mL) and PPSV23/PLY (2.17) passively immunized rabbits had less MPO activity compared to controls (5.64; P = 0.0480), and both passive immunizations (PLY = 31.34% loss of retinal function, PPSV23/PLY = 27.44%) helped to significantly preserve retinal function compared to controls (64.58%; P = 0.0323). When vancomycin was administered 4 hours PI, all eyes were sterile at 24 hours PI. A significantly lower clinical severity was observed for rabbits administered the combination immunization (5.29) or PPSV23 (5.29) with vancomycin treatment compared to controls (17.68; P = 0.0469). CONCLUSIONS: Passive immunization with antisera to these antigens is effective in reducing clinical severity of pneumococcal endophthalmitis in rabbits. Addition of vancomycin to immunization is effective at eliminating the bacteria.
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spelling pubmed-36053142013-03-23 Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis Sanders, Melissa E Taylor, Sidney Tullos, Nathan Norcross, Erin W Moore, Quincy C Thompson, Hilary King, Lauren B Marquart, Mary E BMC Ophthalmol Research Article BACKGROUND: Capsule and pneumolysin (PLY) are two major virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial endophthalmitis. The aim of this study is to determine whether passive immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax(®) 23; PPSV23) or PLY protects against pneumococcal endophthalmitis. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were passively immunized with antiserum to PLY, PPSV23, a mixture of PPSV23/PLY, or PBS (mock). Vitreous was infected with a clinical strain of S. pneumoniae. In a separate group of experiments, vancomycin was injected 4 hours post-infection (PI) for each passively immunized group. Severity of infection, bacterial recovery, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and percent loss of retinal function were determined. RESULTS: Passive immunization with each antiserum significantly lowered clinical severity compared to mock immunization (PPSV23 = 9.19, PPSV23/PLY = 10.45, PLY = 8.71, Mock = 16.83; P = 0.0467). A significantly higher bacterial load was recovered from the vitreous of PLY passively immunized rabbits 24 hours PI (7.87 log(10) CFU) compared to controls (7.10 log(10) CFU; P = 0.0134). Retinas from immunized rabbits were more intact. Vitreous of PLY (2.88 MPO untis/mL) and PPSV23/PLY (2.17) passively immunized rabbits had less MPO activity compared to controls (5.64; P = 0.0480), and both passive immunizations (PLY = 31.34% loss of retinal function, PPSV23/PLY = 27.44%) helped to significantly preserve retinal function compared to controls (64.58%; P = 0.0323). When vancomycin was administered 4 hours PI, all eyes were sterile at 24 hours PI. A significantly lower clinical severity was observed for rabbits administered the combination immunization (5.29) or PPSV23 (5.29) with vancomycin treatment compared to controls (17.68; P = 0.0469). CONCLUSIONS: Passive immunization with antisera to these antigens is effective in reducing clinical severity of pneumococcal endophthalmitis in rabbits. Addition of vancomycin to immunization is effective at eliminating the bacteria. BioMed Central 2013-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3605314/ /pubmed/23496928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-13-8 Text en Copyright ©2013 Sanders et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Sanders, Melissa E
Taylor, Sidney
Tullos, Nathan
Norcross, Erin W
Moore, Quincy C
Thompson, Hilary
King, Lauren B
Marquart, Mary E
Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis
title Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis
title_full Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis
title_fullStr Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis
title_full_unstemmed Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis
title_short Passive immunization with Pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis
title_sort passive immunization with pneumovax(®) 23 and pneumolysin in combination with vancomycin for pneumococcal endophthalmitis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605314/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23496928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-13-8
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