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Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses and Noroviruses from an Archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976–79) with Implications for Vaccine Design
Prompted by the discovery of new gastrointestinal viruses, the NIH, NIAID and WHO investigated the etiology of acute diarrhea that occurred from 1976–1979 in a global cohort of infants and young children. Rotaviruses were found to be major pathogens worldwide, whereas the Norwalk virus could not be...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2013
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607611/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23536875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059394 |
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author | Rackoff, Lauren A. Bok, Karin Green, Kim Y. Kapikian, Albert Z. |
author_facet | Rackoff, Lauren A. Bok, Karin Green, Kim Y. Kapikian, Albert Z. |
author_sort | Rackoff, Lauren A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Prompted by the discovery of new gastrointestinal viruses, the NIH, NIAID and WHO investigated the etiology of acute diarrhea that occurred from 1976–1979 in a global cohort of infants and young children. Rotaviruses were found to be major pathogens worldwide, whereas the Norwalk virus could not be detected using a radioimmunoassay. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the role and diversity of rotaviruses and noroviruses in the original cohort using more sensitive current technologies. Stools collected from Asia, Africa, and South America (n = 485) were evaluated for viral genotypes by RT-PCR and sequencing. Rotaviruses were detected in 28.9% and noroviruses in 9.7% of the specimens, with G1 rotaviruses and GII noroviruses accounting for the majority of each respective virus. Various strains in this study predated the currently assigned dates of discovery for their particular genotype, and in addition, two noroviruses (KL45 and T091) could not be assigned to current genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a relative constancy in circulating rotavirus genotypes over time, with several genotypes from this study becoming established in the current repertoire of viral species. Similarly, GII noroviruses have maintained dominance, with GII.4 noroviruses continuing as a predominant genotype over time. Taken together, the complex molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses and noroviruses circulating in the 1970’s is consistent with current patterns, an important consideration in the design of multivalent vaccines to control these viruses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3607611 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36076112013-03-27 Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses and Noroviruses from an Archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976–79) with Implications for Vaccine Design Rackoff, Lauren A. Bok, Karin Green, Kim Y. Kapikian, Albert Z. PLoS One Research Article Prompted by the discovery of new gastrointestinal viruses, the NIH, NIAID and WHO investigated the etiology of acute diarrhea that occurred from 1976–1979 in a global cohort of infants and young children. Rotaviruses were found to be major pathogens worldwide, whereas the Norwalk virus could not be detected using a radioimmunoassay. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the role and diversity of rotaviruses and noroviruses in the original cohort using more sensitive current technologies. Stools collected from Asia, Africa, and South America (n = 485) were evaluated for viral genotypes by RT-PCR and sequencing. Rotaviruses were detected in 28.9% and noroviruses in 9.7% of the specimens, with G1 rotaviruses and GII noroviruses accounting for the majority of each respective virus. Various strains in this study predated the currently assigned dates of discovery for their particular genotype, and in addition, two noroviruses (KL45 and T091) could not be assigned to current genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a relative constancy in circulating rotavirus genotypes over time, with several genotypes from this study becoming established in the current repertoire of viral species. Similarly, GII noroviruses have maintained dominance, with GII.4 noroviruses continuing as a predominant genotype over time. Taken together, the complex molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses and noroviruses circulating in the 1970’s is consistent with current patterns, an important consideration in the design of multivalent vaccines to control these viruses. Public Library of Science 2013-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3607611/ /pubmed/23536875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059394 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Rackoff, Lauren A. Bok, Karin Green, Kim Y. Kapikian, Albert Z. Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses and Noroviruses from an Archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976–79) with Implications for Vaccine Design |
title | Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses and Noroviruses from an Archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976–79) with Implications for Vaccine Design |
title_full | Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses and Noroviruses from an Archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976–79) with Implications for Vaccine Design |
title_fullStr | Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses and Noroviruses from an Archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976–79) with Implications for Vaccine Design |
title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses and Noroviruses from an Archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976–79) with Implications for Vaccine Design |
title_short | Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses and Noroviruses from an Archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976–79) with Implications for Vaccine Design |
title_sort | epidemiology and evolution of rotaviruses and noroviruses from an archival who global study in children (1976–79) with implications for vaccine design |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607611/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23536875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059394 |
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