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Real-Time Improvement of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy: The smart sensor concept
OBJECTIVE: Reliability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors is key in several applications. In this work we demonstrate that real-time algorithms can render CGM sensors smarter by reducing their uncertainty and inaccuracy and improving their ability to alert for hypo- and hyperglycemic eve...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Diabetes Association
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609535/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23172973 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0736 |
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author | Facchinetti, Andrea Sparacino, Giovanni Guerra, Stefania Luijf, Yoeri M. DeVries, J. Hans Mader, Julia K. Ellmerer, Martin Benesch, Carsten Heinemann, Lutz Bruttomesso, Daniela Avogaro, Angelo Cobelli, Claudio |
author_facet | Facchinetti, Andrea Sparacino, Giovanni Guerra, Stefania Luijf, Yoeri M. DeVries, J. Hans Mader, Julia K. Ellmerer, Martin Benesch, Carsten Heinemann, Lutz Bruttomesso, Daniela Avogaro, Angelo Cobelli, Claudio |
author_sort | Facchinetti, Andrea |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Reliability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors is key in several applications. In this work we demonstrate that real-time algorithms can render CGM sensors smarter by reducing their uncertainty and inaccuracy and improving their ability to alert for hypo- and hyperglycemic events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The smart CGM (sCGM) sensor concept consists of a commercial CGM sensor whose output enters three software modules, able to work in real time, for denoising, enhancement, and prediction. These three software modules were recently presented in the CGM literature, and here we apply them to the Dexcom SEVEN Plus continuous glucose monitor. We assessed the performance of the sCGM on data collected in two trials, each containing 12 patients with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS: The denoising module improves the smoothness of the CGM time series by an average of ∼57%, the enhancement module reduces the mean absolute relative difference from 15.1 to 10.3%, increases by 12.6% the pairs of values falling in the A-zone of the Clarke error grid, and finally, the prediction module forecasts hypo- and hyperglycemic events an average of 14 min ahead of time. CONCLUSIONS: We have introduced and implemented the sCGM sensor concept. Analysis of data from 24 patients demonstrates that incorporation of suitable real-time signal processing algorithms for denoising, enhancement, and prediction can significantly improve the performance of CGM applications. This can be of great clinical impact for hypo- and hyperglycemic alert generation as well in artificial pancreas devices. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3609535 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | American Diabetes Association |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36095352014-04-01 Real-Time Improvement of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy: The smart sensor concept Facchinetti, Andrea Sparacino, Giovanni Guerra, Stefania Luijf, Yoeri M. DeVries, J. Hans Mader, Julia K. Ellmerer, Martin Benesch, Carsten Heinemann, Lutz Bruttomesso, Daniela Avogaro, Angelo Cobelli, Claudio Diabetes Care Original Research OBJECTIVE: Reliability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors is key in several applications. In this work we demonstrate that real-time algorithms can render CGM sensors smarter by reducing their uncertainty and inaccuracy and improving their ability to alert for hypo- and hyperglycemic events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The smart CGM (sCGM) sensor concept consists of a commercial CGM sensor whose output enters three software modules, able to work in real time, for denoising, enhancement, and prediction. These three software modules were recently presented in the CGM literature, and here we apply them to the Dexcom SEVEN Plus continuous glucose monitor. We assessed the performance of the sCGM on data collected in two trials, each containing 12 patients with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS: The denoising module improves the smoothness of the CGM time series by an average of ∼57%, the enhancement module reduces the mean absolute relative difference from 15.1 to 10.3%, increases by 12.6% the pairs of values falling in the A-zone of the Clarke error grid, and finally, the prediction module forecasts hypo- and hyperglycemic events an average of 14 min ahead of time. CONCLUSIONS: We have introduced and implemented the sCGM sensor concept. Analysis of data from 24 patients demonstrates that incorporation of suitable real-time signal processing algorithms for denoising, enhancement, and prediction can significantly improve the performance of CGM applications. This can be of great clinical impact for hypo- and hyperglycemic alert generation as well in artificial pancreas devices. American Diabetes Association 2013-04 2013-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3609535/ /pubmed/23172973 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0736 Text en © 2013 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Facchinetti, Andrea Sparacino, Giovanni Guerra, Stefania Luijf, Yoeri M. DeVries, J. Hans Mader, Julia K. Ellmerer, Martin Benesch, Carsten Heinemann, Lutz Bruttomesso, Daniela Avogaro, Angelo Cobelli, Claudio Real-Time Improvement of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy: The smart sensor concept |
title | Real-Time Improvement of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy: The smart sensor concept |
title_full | Real-Time Improvement of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy: The smart sensor concept |
title_fullStr | Real-Time Improvement of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy: The smart sensor concept |
title_full_unstemmed | Real-Time Improvement of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy: The smart sensor concept |
title_short | Real-Time Improvement of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy: The smart sensor concept |
title_sort | real-time improvement of continuous glucose monitoring accuracy: the smart sensor concept |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609535/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23172973 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0736 |
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