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Zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine supplementation in Brazilian shantytown children at risk for diarrhea results in sex-specific improvements in verbal learning
OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of supplemental zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine, alone or in combination, on long-term cognitive outcomes among Brazilian shantytown children with low median height-for-age z-scores. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in child...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3611743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23644855 http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(03)OA11 |
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author | Lima, Aldo A. M. Kvalsund, Michelle P. de Souza, Paula P. E. Figueiredo, Ítalo L. Soares, Alberto M. Mota, Rosa M S Lima, Noélia L Pinkerton, Relana C. Patrick, Peter P. Guerrant, Richard L. Oriá, Reinaldo B. |
author_facet | Lima, Aldo A. M. Kvalsund, Michelle P. de Souza, Paula P. E. Figueiredo, Ítalo L. Soares, Alberto M. Mota, Rosa M S Lima, Noélia L Pinkerton, Relana C. Patrick, Peter P. Guerrant, Richard L. Oriá, Reinaldo B. |
author_sort | Lima, Aldo A. M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of supplemental zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine, alone or in combination, on long-term cognitive outcomes among Brazilian shantytown children with low median height-for-age z-scores. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in children aged three months to nine years old from the urban shanty compound community of Fortaleza, Brazil. Demographic and anthropometric information was assessed. The random treatment groups available for cognitive testing (total of 167 children) were: (1) placebo, n = 25; (2) glutamine, n = 23; (3) zinc, n = 18; (4) vitamin A, n = 19; (5) glutamine+zinc, n = 20; (6) glutamine+vitamin A, n = 21; (7) zinc+vitamin A, n = 23; and (8) glutamine+zinc+vitamin A, n = 18. Neuropsychological tests were administered for the cognitive domains of non-verbal intelligence and abstraction, psychomotor speed, verbal memory and recall ability, and semantic and phonetic verbal fluency. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 16.0. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133406. RESULTS: Girls receiving a combination of glutamine, zinc, and vitamin A had higher mean age-adjusted verbal learning scores than girls receiving only placebo (9.5 versus 6.4, p = 0.007) and girls receiving zinc+vitamin A (9.5 versus 6.5, p = 0.006). Similar group differences were not found between male study children. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that combination therapy offers a sex-specific advantage on tests of verbal learning, similar to that seen among female patients following traumatic brain injury. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3611743 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36117432013-04-05 Zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine supplementation in Brazilian shantytown children at risk for diarrhea results in sex-specific improvements in verbal learning Lima, Aldo A. M. Kvalsund, Michelle P. de Souza, Paula P. E. Figueiredo, Ítalo L. Soares, Alberto M. Mota, Rosa M S Lima, Noélia L Pinkerton, Relana C. Patrick, Peter P. Guerrant, Richard L. Oriá, Reinaldo B. Clinics (Sao Paulo) Clinical Science OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of supplemental zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine, alone or in combination, on long-term cognitive outcomes among Brazilian shantytown children with low median height-for-age z-scores. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in children aged three months to nine years old from the urban shanty compound community of Fortaleza, Brazil. Demographic and anthropometric information was assessed. The random treatment groups available for cognitive testing (total of 167 children) were: (1) placebo, n = 25; (2) glutamine, n = 23; (3) zinc, n = 18; (4) vitamin A, n = 19; (5) glutamine+zinc, n = 20; (6) glutamine+vitamin A, n = 21; (7) zinc+vitamin A, n = 23; and (8) glutamine+zinc+vitamin A, n = 18. Neuropsychological tests were administered for the cognitive domains of non-verbal intelligence and abstraction, psychomotor speed, verbal memory and recall ability, and semantic and phonetic verbal fluency. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 16.0. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133406. RESULTS: Girls receiving a combination of glutamine, zinc, and vitamin A had higher mean age-adjusted verbal learning scores than girls receiving only placebo (9.5 versus 6.4, p = 0.007) and girls receiving zinc+vitamin A (9.5 versus 6.5, p = 0.006). Similar group differences were not found between male study children. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that combination therapy offers a sex-specific advantage on tests of verbal learning, similar to that seen among female patients following traumatic brain injury. Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo 2013-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3611743/ /pubmed/23644855 http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(03)OA11 Text en Copyright © 2013 Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Clinical Science Lima, Aldo A. M. Kvalsund, Michelle P. de Souza, Paula P. E. Figueiredo, Ítalo L. Soares, Alberto M. Mota, Rosa M S Lima, Noélia L Pinkerton, Relana C. Patrick, Peter P. Guerrant, Richard L. Oriá, Reinaldo B. Zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine supplementation in Brazilian shantytown children at risk for diarrhea results in sex-specific improvements in verbal learning |
title | Zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine supplementation in Brazilian shantytown children at risk for diarrhea results in sex-specific improvements in verbal learning |
title_full | Zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine supplementation in Brazilian shantytown children at risk for diarrhea results in sex-specific improvements in verbal learning |
title_fullStr | Zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine supplementation in Brazilian shantytown children at risk for diarrhea results in sex-specific improvements in verbal learning |
title_full_unstemmed | Zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine supplementation in Brazilian shantytown children at risk for diarrhea results in sex-specific improvements in verbal learning |
title_short | Zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine supplementation in Brazilian shantytown children at risk for diarrhea results in sex-specific improvements in verbal learning |
title_sort | zinc, vitamin a, and glutamine supplementation in brazilian shantytown children at risk for diarrhea results in sex-specific improvements in verbal learning |
topic | Clinical Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3611743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23644855 http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(03)OA11 |
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