Role of Calcium Signals on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis in Human Myeloid HL-60 Cells

The present study is aimed to determine the role of calcium signaling evoked by the oxygen radical, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the specific inhibitor of calcium reuptake thapsigargin on apoptosis in the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Our results show that treatment of HL-60 cells with 100 µM H(2)O(2) and 1 µM thapsigargin induced a transient increase in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) due to calcium release from internal stores. These stimulatory effects on calcium signals were followed by activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), as well as a time-dependent increase in caspase-9 and -3 activities. Our results also show that H(2)O(2) and thapsigargin were able to increase the relative content of fragmented DNA and phosphatidylserine externalization, as detected by double-staining with propidium iodide (PI) and annexin-V-FITC, respectively. Treatment of cells with H(2)O(2) or thapsigargin resulted in activation of the proapoptotic protein Bid. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed active Bax was bound to Bid, which regulates Bid activity and promotes apoptosis. Our findings suggest that H(2)O(2(−)) and thapsigargin-induced apoptosis is dependent on rises in [Ca(2+)](c) in human myeloid HL-60 cells.