Association between P(16INK4a) Promoter Methylation and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Aberrant methylation of CpG islands acquired in tumor cells in promoter regions plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Accumulated evidence demonstrates P(16INK4a) gene promoter hypermethylation is involved in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), indicating it may be a potential biomarker for this disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of P(16INK4a) gene promoter methylation between cancer tissue and autologous controls by summarizing published studies. METHODS: By searching Medline, EMBSE and CNKI databases, the open published studies about P(16INK4a) gene promoter methylation and NSCLC were identified using a systematic search strategy. The pooled odds of P(16INK4A) promoter methylation in lung cancer tissue versus autologous controls were calculated by meta-analysis method. RESULTS: Thirty-four studies, including 2 652 NSCLC patients with 5 175 samples were included in this meta-analysis. Generally, the frequency of P(16INK4A) promoter methylation ranged from 17% to 80% (median 44%) in the lung cancer tissue and 0 to 80% (median 15%) in the autologous controls, which indicated the methylation frequency in cancer tissue was much higher than that in autologous samples. We also find a strong and significant correlation between tumor tissue and autologous controls of P(16INK4A) promoter methylation frequency across studies (Correlation coefficient 0.71, 95% CI:0.51–0.83, P<0.0001). And the pooled odds ratio of P(16INK4A) promoter methylation in cancer tissue was 3.45 (95% CI: 2.63–4.54) compared to controls under random-effect model. CONCLUSION: Frequency of P(16INK4a) promoter methylation in cancer tissue was much higher than that in autologous controls, indicating promoter methylation plays an important role in carcinogenesis of the NSCLC. Strong and significant correlation between tumor tissue and autologous samples of P(16INK4A) promoter methylation demonstrated a promising biomarker for NSCLC.