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Neural bases of hand synergies
The human hand has so many degrees of freedom that it may seem impossible to control. A potential solution to this problem is “synergy control” which combines dimensionality reduction with great flexibility. With applicability to a wide range of tasks, this has become a very popular concept. In this...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3619124/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23579545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2013.00023 |
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author | Santello, Marco Baud-Bovy, Gabriel Jörntell, Henrik |
author_facet | Santello, Marco Baud-Bovy, Gabriel Jörntell, Henrik |
author_sort | Santello, Marco |
collection | PubMed |
description | The human hand has so many degrees of freedom that it may seem impossible to control. A potential solution to this problem is “synergy control” which combines dimensionality reduction with great flexibility. With applicability to a wide range of tasks, this has become a very popular concept. In this review, we describe the evolution of the modern concept using studies of kinematic and force synergies in human hand control, neurophysiology of cortical and spinal neurons, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of hand muscles. We go beyond the often purely descriptive usage of synergy by reviewing the organization of the underlying neuronal circuitry in order to propose mechanistic explanations for various observed synergy phenomena. Finally, we propose a theoretical framework to reconcile important and still debated concepts such as the definitions of “fixed” vs. “flexible” synergies and mechanisms underlying the combination of synergies for hand control. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3619124 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36191242013-04-11 Neural bases of hand synergies Santello, Marco Baud-Bovy, Gabriel Jörntell, Henrik Front Comput Neurosci Neuroscience The human hand has so many degrees of freedom that it may seem impossible to control. A potential solution to this problem is “synergy control” which combines dimensionality reduction with great flexibility. With applicability to a wide range of tasks, this has become a very popular concept. In this review, we describe the evolution of the modern concept using studies of kinematic and force synergies in human hand control, neurophysiology of cortical and spinal neurons, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of hand muscles. We go beyond the often purely descriptive usage of synergy by reviewing the organization of the underlying neuronal circuitry in order to propose mechanistic explanations for various observed synergy phenomena. Finally, we propose a theoretical framework to reconcile important and still debated concepts such as the definitions of “fixed” vs. “flexible” synergies and mechanisms underlying the combination of synergies for hand control. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3619124/ /pubmed/23579545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2013.00023 Text en Copyright © 2013 Santello, Baud-Bovy and Jörntell. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Santello, Marco Baud-Bovy, Gabriel Jörntell, Henrik Neural bases of hand synergies |
title | Neural bases of hand synergies |
title_full | Neural bases of hand synergies |
title_fullStr | Neural bases of hand synergies |
title_full_unstemmed | Neural bases of hand synergies |
title_short | Neural bases of hand synergies |
title_sort | neural bases of hand synergies |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3619124/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23579545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2013.00023 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT santellomarco neuralbasesofhandsynergies AT baudbovygabriel neuralbasesofhandsynergies AT jorntellhenrik neuralbasesofhandsynergies |