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Recent Adaptive Events in Human Brain Revealed by Meta-Analysis of Positively Selected Genes
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Analysis of positively-selected genes can help us understand how human evolved, especially the evolution of highly developed cognitive functions. However, previous works have reached conflicting conclusions regarding whether human neuronal genes are over-represented among...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593450 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061280 |
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author | Huang, Yue Xie, Chen Ye, Adam Y. Li, Chuan-Yun Gao, Ge Wei, Liping |
author_facet | Huang, Yue Xie, Chen Ye, Adam Y. Li, Chuan-Yun Gao, Ge Wei, Liping |
author_sort | Huang, Yue |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Analysis of positively-selected genes can help us understand how human evolved, especially the evolution of highly developed cognitive functions. However, previous works have reached conflicting conclusions regarding whether human neuronal genes are over-represented among genes under positive selection. METHODS AND RESULTS: We divided positively-selected genes into four groups according to the identification approaches, compiling a comprehensive list from 27 previous studies. We showed that genes that are highly expressed in the central nervous system are enriched in recent positive selection events in human history identified by intra-species genomic scan, especially in brain regions related to cognitive functions. This pattern holds when different datasets, parameters and analysis pipelines were used. Functional category enrichment analysis supported these findings, showing that synapse-related functions are enriched in genes under recent positive selection. In contrast, immune-related functions, for instance, are enriched in genes under ancient positive selection revealed by inter-species coding region comparison. We further demonstrated that most of these patterns still hold even after controlling for genomic characteristics that might bias genome-wide identification of positively-selected genes including gene length, gene density, GC composition, and intensity of negative selection. CONCLUSION: Our rigorous analysis resolved previous conflicting conclusions and revealed recent adaptation of human brain functions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3622023 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36220232013-04-16 Recent Adaptive Events in Human Brain Revealed by Meta-Analysis of Positively Selected Genes Huang, Yue Xie, Chen Ye, Adam Y. Li, Chuan-Yun Gao, Ge Wei, Liping PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Analysis of positively-selected genes can help us understand how human evolved, especially the evolution of highly developed cognitive functions. However, previous works have reached conflicting conclusions regarding whether human neuronal genes are over-represented among genes under positive selection. METHODS AND RESULTS: We divided positively-selected genes into four groups according to the identification approaches, compiling a comprehensive list from 27 previous studies. We showed that genes that are highly expressed in the central nervous system are enriched in recent positive selection events in human history identified by intra-species genomic scan, especially in brain regions related to cognitive functions. This pattern holds when different datasets, parameters and analysis pipelines were used. Functional category enrichment analysis supported these findings, showing that synapse-related functions are enriched in genes under recent positive selection. In contrast, immune-related functions, for instance, are enriched in genes under ancient positive selection revealed by inter-species coding region comparison. We further demonstrated that most of these patterns still hold even after controlling for genomic characteristics that might bias genome-wide identification of positively-selected genes including gene length, gene density, GC composition, and intensity of negative selection. CONCLUSION: Our rigorous analysis resolved previous conflicting conclusions and revealed recent adaptation of human brain functions. Public Library of Science 2013-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3622023/ /pubmed/23593450 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061280 Text en © 2013 Huang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Huang, Yue Xie, Chen Ye, Adam Y. Li, Chuan-Yun Gao, Ge Wei, Liping Recent Adaptive Events in Human Brain Revealed by Meta-Analysis of Positively Selected Genes |
title | Recent Adaptive Events in Human Brain Revealed by Meta-Analysis of Positively Selected Genes |
title_full | Recent Adaptive Events in Human Brain Revealed by Meta-Analysis of Positively Selected Genes |
title_fullStr | Recent Adaptive Events in Human Brain Revealed by Meta-Analysis of Positively Selected Genes |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent Adaptive Events in Human Brain Revealed by Meta-Analysis of Positively Selected Genes |
title_short | Recent Adaptive Events in Human Brain Revealed by Meta-Analysis of Positively Selected Genes |
title_sort | recent adaptive events in human brain revealed by meta-analysis of positively selected genes |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593450 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061280 |
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