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Morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes var)

BACKGROUND: Recent new anatomical and histological features of craniocervical junction in dogs and cats were described providing evidence of differences between the carnivore species. No information on these structures in foxes exists. RESULTS: Two parts of the alar ligaments were found. A longer on...

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Autores principales: Kupczynska, Marta, Barszcz, Karolina, Janczyk, Pawel, Wasowicz, Michal, Czubaj, Norbert
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622594/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23557095
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-64
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author Kupczynska, Marta
Barszcz, Karolina
Janczyk, Pawel
Wasowicz, Michal
Czubaj, Norbert
author_facet Kupczynska, Marta
Barszcz, Karolina
Janczyk, Pawel
Wasowicz, Michal
Czubaj, Norbert
author_sort Kupczynska, Marta
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Recent new anatomical and histological features of craniocervical junction in dogs and cats were described providing evidence of differences between the carnivore species. No information on these structures in foxes exists. RESULTS: Two parts of the alar ligaments were found. A longer one aroused from dens of axis to the internal (medial) surface of the occipital condyles and was called apical part. A shorter part originated from the entire length of the lateral edge of the dens of axis and terminated on the internal wall of the vertebral foramen of atlas and thus was called the lateral part. The transverse ligament of the atlas was widened in the mid region, above the dens of axis, and thickened at enthesis. Periosteal fibrocartilage was detected in the transverse ligament of the atlas at the enthesis, and sesamoid fibrocartilage was present on periphery in the middle of the ligament. CONCLUSIONS: The craniocervical junction in foxes differs in part from other carnivores such as dogs and cats but resembles that of mesaticephalic dogs. The sesamoid and periosteal fibrocartilage supports the transverse ligament of the atlas whereas the alar ligaments have no cartilage.
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spelling pubmed-36225942013-04-11 Morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes var) Kupczynska, Marta Barszcz, Karolina Janczyk, Pawel Wasowicz, Michal Czubaj, Norbert BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Recent new anatomical and histological features of craniocervical junction in dogs and cats were described providing evidence of differences between the carnivore species. No information on these structures in foxes exists. RESULTS: Two parts of the alar ligaments were found. A longer one aroused from dens of axis to the internal (medial) surface of the occipital condyles and was called apical part. A shorter part originated from the entire length of the lateral edge of the dens of axis and terminated on the internal wall of the vertebral foramen of atlas and thus was called the lateral part. The transverse ligament of the atlas was widened in the mid region, above the dens of axis, and thickened at enthesis. Periosteal fibrocartilage was detected in the transverse ligament of the atlas at the enthesis, and sesamoid fibrocartilage was present on periphery in the middle of the ligament. CONCLUSIONS: The craniocervical junction in foxes differs in part from other carnivores such as dogs and cats but resembles that of mesaticephalic dogs. The sesamoid and periosteal fibrocartilage supports the transverse ligament of the atlas whereas the alar ligaments have no cartilage. BioMed Central 2013-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3622594/ /pubmed/23557095 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-64 Text en Copyright © 2013 Kupczynska et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kupczynska, Marta
Barszcz, Karolina
Janczyk, Pawel
Wasowicz, Michal
Czubaj, Norbert
Morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes var)
title Morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes var)
title_full Morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes var)
title_fullStr Morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes var)
title_full_unstemmed Morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes var)
title_short Morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes var)
title_sort morphology of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the alar ligaments in the silver fox (vulpes vulpes var)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622594/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23557095
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-64
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