A member of the Ras oncogene family, RAP1A, mediates antileishmanial activity of monastrol

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mode of action of monastrol in intracellular Leishmania. METHODS: Microarray experiments were conducted on an Affymetrix GeneChip(®) Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array, to determine the genes that encode proteins related to pathological alterations of cell signalling pathways in intracellular Leishmania amastigotes in response to monastrol treatment. RESULTS: Monastrol induced unprenylated Rap1A in intracellular Leishmania when exposed to this anticancer drug at the IC(50) (10 μM). Monastrol, known to cause mitotic arrest in cancer cells, inhibited Rap1A prenylation (geranylgeranylation) in intracellular Leishmania, which resulted in blockade at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Growth inhibition, rather than apoptosis, was found to be the mechanism by which monastrol displays antileishmanial activity. CONCLUSIONS: Prenylation inhibitors (unprenylation) of cell signalling pathways can be exploited in Leishmania parasites as novel therapeutic tools.