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Do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Screen entertainment for young children has been associated with several aspects of psychosocial adjustment. Most research is from North America and focuses on television. Few longitudinal studies have compared the effects of TV and electronic games, or have investigated gender differenc...

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Autores principales: Parkes, Alison, Sweeting, Helen, Wight, Daniel, Henderson, Marion
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625829/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23529828
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-301508
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author Parkes, Alison
Sweeting, Helen
Wight, Daniel
Henderson, Marion
author_facet Parkes, Alison
Sweeting, Helen
Wight, Daniel
Henderson, Marion
author_sort Parkes, Alison
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Screen entertainment for young children has been associated with several aspects of psychosocial adjustment. Most research is from North America and focuses on television. Few longitudinal studies have compared the effects of TV and electronic games, or have investigated gender differences. PURPOSE: To explore how time watching TV and playing electronic games at age 5 years each predicts change in psychosocial adjustment in a representative sample of 7 year-olds from the UK. METHODS: Typical daily hours viewing television and playing electronic games at age 5 years were reported by mothers of 11 014 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, hyperactivity/inattention and prosocial behaviour were reported by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Change in adjustment from age 5 years to 7 years was regressed on screen exposures; adjusting for family characteristics and functioning, and child characteristics. RESULTS: Watching TV for 3 h or more at 5 years predicted a 0.13 point increase (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24) in conduct problems by 7 years, compared with watching for under an hour, but playing electronic games was not associated with conduct problems. No associations were found between either type of screen time and emotional symptoms, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems or prosocial behaviour. There was no evidence of gender differences in the effect of screen time. CONCLUSIONS: TV but not electronic games predicted a small increase in conduct problems. Screen time did not predict other aspects of psychosocial adjustment. Further work is required to establish causal mechanisms.
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spelling pubmed-36258292013-04-15 Do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study Parkes, Alison Sweeting, Helen Wight, Daniel Henderson, Marion Arch Dis Child Original Article BACKGROUND: Screen entertainment for young children has been associated with several aspects of psychosocial adjustment. Most research is from North America and focuses on television. Few longitudinal studies have compared the effects of TV and electronic games, or have investigated gender differences. PURPOSE: To explore how time watching TV and playing electronic games at age 5 years each predicts change in psychosocial adjustment in a representative sample of 7 year-olds from the UK. METHODS: Typical daily hours viewing television and playing electronic games at age 5 years were reported by mothers of 11 014 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, hyperactivity/inattention and prosocial behaviour were reported by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Change in adjustment from age 5 years to 7 years was regressed on screen exposures; adjusting for family characteristics and functioning, and child characteristics. RESULTS: Watching TV for 3 h or more at 5 years predicted a 0.13 point increase (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24) in conduct problems by 7 years, compared with watching for under an hour, but playing electronic games was not associated with conduct problems. No associations were found between either type of screen time and emotional symptoms, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems or prosocial behaviour. There was no evidence of gender differences in the effect of screen time. CONCLUSIONS: TV but not electronic games predicted a small increase in conduct problems. Screen time did not predict other aspects of psychosocial adjustment. Further work is required to establish causal mechanisms. BMJ Publishing Group 2013-05 2013-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3625829/ /pubmed/23529828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-301508 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode
spellingShingle Original Article
Parkes, Alison
Sweeting, Helen
Wight, Daniel
Henderson, Marion
Do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title Do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_full Do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_fullStr Do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_short Do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study
title_sort do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? longitudinal research using the uk millennium cohort study
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625829/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23529828
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-301508
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