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Middle Ear Myoclonus: Two Informative Cases and a Systematic Discussion of Myogenic Tinnitus
BACKGROUND: The term middle ear myoclonus (MEM) has been invoked to explain symptoms of tinnitus presumably caused by the dysfunctional movement of either of the two muscles that insert in the middle ear: tensor tympani and stapedius. MEM has been characterized through heterogeneous case reports in...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Columbia University Libraries/Information Services
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3629860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23610741 |
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author | Ellenstein, Aviva Yusuf, Nadia Hallett, Mark |
author_facet | Ellenstein, Aviva Yusuf, Nadia Hallett, Mark |
author_sort | Ellenstein, Aviva |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The term middle ear myoclonus (MEM) has been invoked to explain symptoms of tinnitus presumably caused by the dysfunctional movement of either of the two muscles that insert in the middle ear: tensor tympani and stapedius. MEM has been characterized through heterogeneous case reports in the otolaryngology literature, where clinical presentation is variable, phenomenology is scarcely described, the pathogenic muscle is usually not specified, natural history is unknown, and the presumptive definitive treatment, tensor tympani or stapedius tendon lysis, is inconsistently effective. It is not surprising that no unique acoustogenic mechanism or pathophysiologic process has been identified to explain MEM, one of several descriptive diagnoses associated with the complicated disorders of myogenic tinnitus. METHODS: Here, we explore MEM from the neurologist’s perspective. Following the detailed descriptions of two informative cases from our clinic, we systematically evaluate the different mechanisms and movement disorder phenomena that could lead to a diagnosis of MEM. RESULTS: From a functional neuroanatomic perspective, we explain how tensor tympani MEM is best explained as a form of peritubal myogenic tinnitus, similar to the related disorder of essential palatal tremor. From a pathogenic perspective, we discuss how MEM symptomatology may reflect different mechanical and neurologic processes. We emphasize the diagnostic imperative to recognize when myogenic tinnitus is consistent with a psychogenic origin. DISCUSSION: Both individual patient care and further elucidation of MEM will rely on more detailed clinical characterization as well as multidisciplinary input from neurology, otolaryngology, and dentistry. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3629860 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Columbia University Libraries/Information Services |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36298602013-04-22 Middle Ear Myoclonus: Two Informative Cases and a Systematic Discussion of Myogenic Tinnitus Ellenstein, Aviva Yusuf, Nadia Hallett, Mark Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) Reviews BACKGROUND: The term middle ear myoclonus (MEM) has been invoked to explain symptoms of tinnitus presumably caused by the dysfunctional movement of either of the two muscles that insert in the middle ear: tensor tympani and stapedius. MEM has been characterized through heterogeneous case reports in the otolaryngology literature, where clinical presentation is variable, phenomenology is scarcely described, the pathogenic muscle is usually not specified, natural history is unknown, and the presumptive definitive treatment, tensor tympani or stapedius tendon lysis, is inconsistently effective. It is not surprising that no unique acoustogenic mechanism or pathophysiologic process has been identified to explain MEM, one of several descriptive diagnoses associated with the complicated disorders of myogenic tinnitus. METHODS: Here, we explore MEM from the neurologist’s perspective. Following the detailed descriptions of two informative cases from our clinic, we systematically evaluate the different mechanisms and movement disorder phenomena that could lead to a diagnosis of MEM. RESULTS: From a functional neuroanatomic perspective, we explain how tensor tympani MEM is best explained as a form of peritubal myogenic tinnitus, similar to the related disorder of essential palatal tremor. From a pathogenic perspective, we discuss how MEM symptomatology may reflect different mechanical and neurologic processes. We emphasize the diagnostic imperative to recognize when myogenic tinnitus is consistent with a psychogenic origin. DISCUSSION: Both individual patient care and further elucidation of MEM will rely on more detailed clinical characterization as well as multidisciplinary input from neurology, otolaryngology, and dentistry. Columbia University Libraries/Information Services 2013-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3629860/ /pubmed/23610741 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–Noncommerical–No Derivatives License, which permits the user to copy, distribute, and transmit the work provided that the original author and source are credited; that no commercial use is made of the work; and that the work is not altered or transformed. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Ellenstein, Aviva Yusuf, Nadia Hallett, Mark Middle Ear Myoclonus: Two Informative Cases and a Systematic Discussion of Myogenic Tinnitus |
title | Middle Ear Myoclonus: Two Informative Cases and a Systematic Discussion of Myogenic Tinnitus |
title_full | Middle Ear Myoclonus: Two Informative Cases and a Systematic Discussion of Myogenic Tinnitus |
title_fullStr | Middle Ear Myoclonus: Two Informative Cases and a Systematic Discussion of Myogenic Tinnitus |
title_full_unstemmed | Middle Ear Myoclonus: Two Informative Cases and a Systematic Discussion of Myogenic Tinnitus |
title_short | Middle Ear Myoclonus: Two Informative Cases and a Systematic Discussion of Myogenic Tinnitus |
title_sort | middle ear myoclonus: two informative cases and a systematic discussion of myogenic tinnitus |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3629860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23610741 |
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