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Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts the Milk-Blood Barrier by Modulating Claudins in Mammary Alveolar Tight Junctions
Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most costly common disease in the dairy industry, and is caused by mammary pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli. The bacteria invade the mammary alveolar lumen and disrupt the blood-milk barrier. In normal mammary gland, alveolar epithel...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2013
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633878/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23626786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062187 |
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author | Kobayashi, Ken Oyama, Shoko Numata, Atsushi Rahman, Md. Morshedur Kumura, Haruto |
author_facet | Kobayashi, Ken Oyama, Shoko Numata, Atsushi Rahman, Md. Morshedur Kumura, Haruto |
author_sort | Kobayashi, Ken |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most costly common disease in the dairy industry, and is caused by mammary pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli. The bacteria invade the mammary alveolar lumen and disrupt the blood-milk barrier. In normal mammary gland, alveolar epithelial tight junctions (TJs) contribute the blood-milk barrier of alveolar epithelium by blocking the leakage of milk components from the luminal side into the blood serum. In this study, we focused on claudin subtypes that participate in the alveolar epithelial TJs, because the composition of claudins is an important factor that affects TJ permeability. In normal mouse lactating mammary glands, alveolar TJs consist of claudin-3 without claudin-1, -4, and -7. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis, alveolar TJs showed 2-staged compositional changes in claudins. First, a qualitative change in claudin-3, presumably caused by phosphorylation and participation of claudin-7 in alveolar TJs, was recognized in parallel with the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated albumin (FITC-albumin) via the alveolar epithelium. Second, claudin-4 participated in alveolar TJs with claudin-3 and claudin-7 12 h after LPS injection. The partial localization of claudin-1 was also observed by immunostaining. Coinciding with the second change of alveolar TJs, the severe disruption of the blood-milk barrier was recognized by ectopic localization of β-casein and much leakage of FITC-albumin. Furthermore, the localization of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the luminal side and NFκB activation by LPS was observed in the alveolar epithelial cells. We suggest that the weakening and disruption of the blood-milk barrier are caused by compositional changes of claudins in alveolar epithelial TJs through LPS/TLR4 signaling. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3633878 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36338782013-04-26 Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts the Milk-Blood Barrier by Modulating Claudins in Mammary Alveolar Tight Junctions Kobayashi, Ken Oyama, Shoko Numata, Atsushi Rahman, Md. Morshedur Kumura, Haruto PLoS One Research Article Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most costly common disease in the dairy industry, and is caused by mammary pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli. The bacteria invade the mammary alveolar lumen and disrupt the blood-milk barrier. In normal mammary gland, alveolar epithelial tight junctions (TJs) contribute the blood-milk barrier of alveolar epithelium by blocking the leakage of milk components from the luminal side into the blood serum. In this study, we focused on claudin subtypes that participate in the alveolar epithelial TJs, because the composition of claudins is an important factor that affects TJ permeability. In normal mouse lactating mammary glands, alveolar TJs consist of claudin-3 without claudin-1, -4, and -7. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis, alveolar TJs showed 2-staged compositional changes in claudins. First, a qualitative change in claudin-3, presumably caused by phosphorylation and participation of claudin-7 in alveolar TJs, was recognized in parallel with the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated albumin (FITC-albumin) via the alveolar epithelium. Second, claudin-4 participated in alveolar TJs with claudin-3 and claudin-7 12 h after LPS injection. The partial localization of claudin-1 was also observed by immunostaining. Coinciding with the second change of alveolar TJs, the severe disruption of the blood-milk barrier was recognized by ectopic localization of β-casein and much leakage of FITC-albumin. Furthermore, the localization of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the luminal side and NFκB activation by LPS was observed in the alveolar epithelial cells. We suggest that the weakening and disruption of the blood-milk barrier are caused by compositional changes of claudins in alveolar epithelial TJs through LPS/TLR4 signaling. Public Library of Science 2013-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3633878/ /pubmed/23626786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062187 Text en © 2013 Kobayashi et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kobayashi, Ken Oyama, Shoko Numata, Atsushi Rahman, Md. Morshedur Kumura, Haruto Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts the Milk-Blood Barrier by Modulating Claudins in Mammary Alveolar Tight Junctions |
title | Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts the Milk-Blood Barrier by Modulating Claudins in Mammary Alveolar Tight Junctions |
title_full | Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts the Milk-Blood Barrier by Modulating Claudins in Mammary Alveolar Tight Junctions |
title_fullStr | Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts the Milk-Blood Barrier by Modulating Claudins in Mammary Alveolar Tight Junctions |
title_full_unstemmed | Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts the Milk-Blood Barrier by Modulating Claudins in Mammary Alveolar Tight Junctions |
title_short | Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts the Milk-Blood Barrier by Modulating Claudins in Mammary Alveolar Tight Junctions |
title_sort | lipopolysaccharide disrupts the milk-blood barrier by modulating claudins in mammary alveolar tight junctions |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633878/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23626786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062187 |
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