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Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon
Can behavior be unconsciously primed via the activation of attitudes, stereotypes, or other concepts? A number of studies have suggested that such priming effects can occur, and a prominent illustration is the claim that individuals' accuracy in answering general knowledge questions can be infl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3634790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23637732 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056515 |
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author | Shanks, David R. Newell, Ben R. Lee, Eun Hee Balakrishnan, Divya Ekelund, Lisa Cenac, Zarus Kavvadia, Fragkiski Moore, Christopher |
author_facet | Shanks, David R. Newell, Ben R. Lee, Eun Hee Balakrishnan, Divya Ekelund, Lisa Cenac, Zarus Kavvadia, Fragkiski Moore, Christopher |
author_sort | Shanks, David R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Can behavior be unconsciously primed via the activation of attitudes, stereotypes, or other concepts? A number of studies have suggested that such priming effects can occur, and a prominent illustration is the claim that individuals' accuracy in answering general knowledge questions can be influenced by activating intelligence-related concepts such as professor or soccer hooligan. In 9 experiments with 475 participants we employed the procedures used in these studies, as well as a number of variants of those procedures, in an attempt to obtain this intelligence priming effect. None of the experiments obtained the effect, although financial incentives did boost performance. A Bayesian analysis reveals considerable evidential support for the null hypothesis. The results conform to the pattern typically obtained in word priming experiments in which priming is very narrow in its generalization and unconscious (subliminal) influences, if they occur at all, are extremely short-lived. We encourage others to explore the circumstances in which this phenomenon might be obtained. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3634790 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36347902013-05-01 Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon Shanks, David R. Newell, Ben R. Lee, Eun Hee Balakrishnan, Divya Ekelund, Lisa Cenac, Zarus Kavvadia, Fragkiski Moore, Christopher PLoS One Research Article Can behavior be unconsciously primed via the activation of attitudes, stereotypes, or other concepts? A number of studies have suggested that such priming effects can occur, and a prominent illustration is the claim that individuals' accuracy in answering general knowledge questions can be influenced by activating intelligence-related concepts such as professor or soccer hooligan. In 9 experiments with 475 participants we employed the procedures used in these studies, as well as a number of variants of those procedures, in an attempt to obtain this intelligence priming effect. None of the experiments obtained the effect, although financial incentives did boost performance. A Bayesian analysis reveals considerable evidential support for the null hypothesis. The results conform to the pattern typically obtained in word priming experiments in which priming is very narrow in its generalization and unconscious (subliminal) influences, if they occur at all, are extremely short-lived. We encourage others to explore the circumstances in which this phenomenon might be obtained. Public Library of Science 2013-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC3634790/ /pubmed/23637732 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056515 Text en © 2013 Shanks et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Shanks, David R. Newell, Ben R. Lee, Eun Hee Balakrishnan, Divya Ekelund, Lisa Cenac, Zarus Kavvadia, Fragkiski Moore, Christopher Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon |
title | Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon |
title_full | Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon |
title_fullStr | Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon |
title_full_unstemmed | Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon |
title_short | Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon |
title_sort | priming intelligent behavior: an elusive phenomenon |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3634790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23637732 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056515 |
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