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Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses
The nervous system is the target for acute encephalitic viral infections, as well as a reservoir for persisting viruses. Intrathecal antibody (Ab) synthesis is well documented in humans afflicted by infections associated with neurological complications, as well as the demyelinating disease, multiple...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23435240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v5020732 |
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author | Phares, Timothy W. Stohlman, Stephen A. Bergmann, Cornelia C. |
author_facet | Phares, Timothy W. Stohlman, Stephen A. Bergmann, Cornelia C. |
author_sort | Phares, Timothy W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The nervous system is the target for acute encephalitic viral infections, as well as a reservoir for persisting viruses. Intrathecal antibody (Ab) synthesis is well documented in humans afflicted by infections associated with neurological complications, as well as the demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. This review focuses on the origin, recruitment, maintenance, and biological relevance of Ab-secreting cells (ASC) found in the central nervous system (CNS) following experimental neurotropic RNA virus infections. We will summarize evidence for a highly dynamic, evolving humoral response characterized by temporal alterations in B cell subsets, proliferation, and differentiation. Overall local Ab plays a beneficial role via complement-independent control of virus replication, although cross or self-reactive Ab to CNS antigens may contribute to immune-mediated pathogenesis during some infections. Importantly, protective Ab exert anti-viral activity not only by direct neutralization, but also by binding to cell surface-expressed viral glycoproteins. Ab engagement of viral glycoproteins blocks budding and mediates intracellular signaling leading to restored homeostatic and innate functions. The sustained Ab production by local ASC, as well as chemokines and cytokines associated with ASC recruitment and retention, are highlighted as critical components of immune control. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3640523 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-36405232013-05-03 Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses Phares, Timothy W. Stohlman, Stephen A. Bergmann, Cornelia C. Viruses Review The nervous system is the target for acute encephalitic viral infections, as well as a reservoir for persisting viruses. Intrathecal antibody (Ab) synthesis is well documented in humans afflicted by infections associated with neurological complications, as well as the demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. This review focuses on the origin, recruitment, maintenance, and biological relevance of Ab-secreting cells (ASC) found in the central nervous system (CNS) following experimental neurotropic RNA virus infections. We will summarize evidence for a highly dynamic, evolving humoral response characterized by temporal alterations in B cell subsets, proliferation, and differentiation. Overall local Ab plays a beneficial role via complement-independent control of virus replication, although cross or self-reactive Ab to CNS antigens may contribute to immune-mediated pathogenesis during some infections. Importantly, protective Ab exert anti-viral activity not only by direct neutralization, but also by binding to cell surface-expressed viral glycoproteins. Ab engagement of viral glycoproteins blocks budding and mediates intracellular signaling leading to restored homeostatic and innate functions. The sustained Ab production by local ASC, as well as chemokines and cytokines associated with ASC recruitment and retention, are highlighted as critical components of immune control. MDPI 2013-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC3640523/ /pubmed/23435240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v5020732 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Phares, Timothy W. Stohlman, Stephen A. Bergmann, Cornelia C. Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses |
title | Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses |
title_full | Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses |
title_fullStr | Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses |
title_full_unstemmed | Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses |
title_short | Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses |
title_sort | intrathecal humoral immunity to encephalitic rna viruses |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23435240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v5020732 |
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