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Relationship between container ship underwater noise levels and ship design, operational and oceanographic conditions

Low-frequency ocean ambient noise is dominated by noise from commercial ships, yet understanding how individual ships contribute deserves further investigation. This study develops and evaluates statistical models of container ship noise in relation to design characteristics, operational conditions,...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: McKenna, Megan F., Wiggins, Sean M., Hildebrand, John A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3641522/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep01760
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author McKenna, Megan F.
Wiggins, Sean M.
Hildebrand, John A.
author_facet McKenna, Megan F.
Wiggins, Sean M.
Hildebrand, John A.
author_sort McKenna, Megan F.
collection PubMed
description Low-frequency ocean ambient noise is dominated by noise from commercial ships, yet understanding how individual ships contribute deserves further investigation. This study develops and evaluates statistical models of container ship noise in relation to design characteristics, operational conditions, and oceanographic settings. Five-hundred ship passages and nineteen covariates were used to build generalized additive models. Opportunistic acoustic measurements of ships transiting offshore California were collected using seafloor acoustic recorders. A 5–10 dB range in broadband source level was found for ships depending on the transit conditions. For a ship recorded multiple times traveling at different speeds, cumulative noise was lowest at 8 knots, 65% reduction in operational speed. Models with highest predictive power, in order of selection, included ship speed, size, and time of year. Uncertainty in source depth and propagation affected model fit. These results provide insight on the conditions that produce higher levels of underwater noise from container ships.
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spelling pubmed-36415222013-05-03 Relationship between container ship underwater noise levels and ship design, operational and oceanographic conditions McKenna, Megan F. Wiggins, Sean M. Hildebrand, John A. Sci Rep Article Low-frequency ocean ambient noise is dominated by noise from commercial ships, yet understanding how individual ships contribute deserves further investigation. This study develops and evaluates statistical models of container ship noise in relation to design characteristics, operational conditions, and oceanographic settings. Five-hundred ship passages and nineteen covariates were used to build generalized additive models. Opportunistic acoustic measurements of ships transiting offshore California were collected using seafloor acoustic recorders. A 5–10 dB range in broadband source level was found for ships depending on the transit conditions. For a ship recorded multiple times traveling at different speeds, cumulative noise was lowest at 8 knots, 65% reduction in operational speed. Models with highest predictive power, in order of selection, included ship speed, size, and time of year. Uncertainty in source depth and propagation affected model fit. These results provide insight on the conditions that produce higher levels of underwater noise from container ships. Nature Publishing Group 2013-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3641522/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep01760 Text en Copyright © 2013, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
spellingShingle Article
McKenna, Megan F.
Wiggins, Sean M.
Hildebrand, John A.
Relationship between container ship underwater noise levels and ship design, operational and oceanographic conditions
title Relationship between container ship underwater noise levels and ship design, operational and oceanographic conditions
title_full Relationship between container ship underwater noise levels and ship design, operational and oceanographic conditions
title_fullStr Relationship between container ship underwater noise levels and ship design, operational and oceanographic conditions
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between container ship underwater noise levels and ship design, operational and oceanographic conditions
title_short Relationship between container ship underwater noise levels and ship design, operational and oceanographic conditions
title_sort relationship between container ship underwater noise levels and ship design, operational and oceanographic conditions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3641522/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep01760
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