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An Impossible Journey? The Development of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 in Culex quinquefasciatus

Although Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors for human Plasmodium spp., there are also other mosquito species–among them culicines (Culex spp., Aedes spp.)–present in malaria-endemic areas. Culicine mosquitoes transmit arboviruses and filarial worms to humans and are vectors for avian Plasmodium sp...

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Autores principales: Knöckel, Julia, Molina-Cruz, Alvaro, Fischer, Elizabeth, Muratova, Olga, Haile, Ashley, Barillas-Mury, Carolina, Miller, Louis H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3643899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23658824
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063387
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author Knöckel, Julia
Molina-Cruz, Alvaro
Fischer, Elizabeth
Muratova, Olga
Haile, Ashley
Barillas-Mury, Carolina
Miller, Louis H.
author_facet Knöckel, Julia
Molina-Cruz, Alvaro
Fischer, Elizabeth
Muratova, Olga
Haile, Ashley
Barillas-Mury, Carolina
Miller, Louis H.
author_sort Knöckel, Julia
collection PubMed
description Although Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors for human Plasmodium spp., there are also other mosquito species–among them culicines (Culex spp., Aedes spp.)–present in malaria-endemic areas. Culicine mosquitoes transmit arboviruses and filarial worms to humans and are vectors for avian Plasmodium spp., but have never been observed to transmit human Plasmodium spp. When ingested by a culicine mosquito, parasites could either face an environment that does not allow development due to biologic incompatibility or be actively killed by the mosquito’s immune system. In the latter case, the molecular mechanism of killing must be sufficiently powerful that Plasmodium is not able to overcome it. To investigate how human malaria parasites develop in culicine mosquitoes, we infected Culex quinquefasciatus with Plasmodium falciparum NF54 and monitored development of parasites in the blood bolus and midgut epithelium at different time points. Our results reveal that ookinetes develop in the midgut lumen of C. quinquefasciatus in slightly lower numbers than in Anopheles gambiae G3. After 30 hours, parasites have invaded the midgut and can be observed on the basal side of the midgut epithelium by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Very few of the parasites in C. quinquefasciatus are alive, most of them are lysed. Eight days after the mosquito’s blood meal, no oocysts can be found in C. quinquefasciatus. Our results suggest that the mosquito immune system could be involved in parasite killing early in development after ookinetes have crossed the midgut epithelium and come in contact with the mosquito hemolymph.
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spelling pubmed-36438992013-05-08 An Impossible Journey? The Development of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 in Culex quinquefasciatus Knöckel, Julia Molina-Cruz, Alvaro Fischer, Elizabeth Muratova, Olga Haile, Ashley Barillas-Mury, Carolina Miller, Louis H. PLoS One Research Article Although Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors for human Plasmodium spp., there are also other mosquito species–among them culicines (Culex spp., Aedes spp.)–present in malaria-endemic areas. Culicine mosquitoes transmit arboviruses and filarial worms to humans and are vectors for avian Plasmodium spp., but have never been observed to transmit human Plasmodium spp. When ingested by a culicine mosquito, parasites could either face an environment that does not allow development due to biologic incompatibility or be actively killed by the mosquito’s immune system. In the latter case, the molecular mechanism of killing must be sufficiently powerful that Plasmodium is not able to overcome it. To investigate how human malaria parasites develop in culicine mosquitoes, we infected Culex quinquefasciatus with Plasmodium falciparum NF54 and monitored development of parasites in the blood bolus and midgut epithelium at different time points. Our results reveal that ookinetes develop in the midgut lumen of C. quinquefasciatus in slightly lower numbers than in Anopheles gambiae G3. After 30 hours, parasites have invaded the midgut and can be observed on the basal side of the midgut epithelium by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Very few of the parasites in C. quinquefasciatus are alive, most of them are lysed. Eight days after the mosquito’s blood meal, no oocysts can be found in C. quinquefasciatus. Our results suggest that the mosquito immune system could be involved in parasite killing early in development after ookinetes have crossed the midgut epithelium and come in contact with the mosquito hemolymph. Public Library of Science 2013-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3643899/ /pubmed/23658824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063387 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Knöckel, Julia
Molina-Cruz, Alvaro
Fischer, Elizabeth
Muratova, Olga
Haile, Ashley
Barillas-Mury, Carolina
Miller, Louis H.
An Impossible Journey? The Development of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 in Culex quinquefasciatus
title An Impossible Journey? The Development of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 in Culex quinquefasciatus
title_full An Impossible Journey? The Development of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 in Culex quinquefasciatus
title_fullStr An Impossible Journey? The Development of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 in Culex quinquefasciatus
title_full_unstemmed An Impossible Journey? The Development of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 in Culex quinquefasciatus
title_short An Impossible Journey? The Development of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 in Culex quinquefasciatus
title_sort impossible journey? the development of plasmodium falciparum nf54 in culex quinquefasciatus
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3643899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23658824
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063387
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